Adoption of augmented intelligence in the private higher educational institutions of Lebanon

The purpose of this study is to examine the factors that influence students' loyalty in the private higher education (PHE) institutions. The survey is conducted on 225 respondents who are based from 27 PHE in Bandung City, Indonesia. The results reveal that the image of higher education institution does not affect students' satisfaction, but it affects the trust and loyalty of students. It is then discovered that the image of higher education institution and students' satisfaction indirectly affects students' loyalty through students' trust. Therefore, students' trust is a good mediator for higher education institution's image and students' satisfaction to students' loyalty. Based on the findings, this study also provides a strategy for managers in private higher education institutions in building students' loyalty. The implications of the study raise a number of opportunities for future research by both public and private higher education institutions on attracting and retaining students.

The purpose of this study is to examine the factors that influence students' loyalty in the private higher education (PHE) institutions. The survey is conducted on 225 respondents who are based from 27 PHE in Bandung City, Indonesia. The results reveal that the image of higher education institution does not affect students' satisfaction, but it affects the trust and loyalty of students. It is then discovered that the image of higher education institution and students' satisfaction indirectly affects students' loyalty through students' trust. Therefore, students' trust is a good mediator for higher education institution's image and students' satisfaction to students' loyalty. Based on the findings, this study also provides a strategy for managers in private higher education institutions in building students' loyalty. The implications of the study raise a number of opportunities for future research by both public and private higher education institutions on attracting and retaining students.

Due to the transition process in Croatia that started about three decades ago, higher education institutions (HEIs) are forced to intensively involve themselves in market competition and become market and entrepreneurial oriented in order to keep up with new trends in higher education. The branding process in HEIs has become one of the major activities in creating value and gaining market position in many countries, including Croatia. The aim of this study is to provide a deeper insight into and understanding of differences in brand market value perceptions of students of public and private HEIs in Croatia. Altogether, 443 students (242 from a public HEI and 201 from a private HEI) responded to a questionnaire based on Aaker’s model of brand equity, from which a t-test and a correlation analysis showed that the public HEI was significantly better only in the dimension of other proprietary brand assets, while in the private HEI all other dimensions of brand market value were evaluated better. However, brand market value itself was significantly higher in the public sector HEI, mainly due to the perception of “value for money” and functional benefits, i.e., employability. The study identified several factors that need to be taken into account when branding private and public HEIs in Croatia.

The aim of this article is to examine the income and employment multiplier effects of the higher education sector in Malaysia based on conventional input–output methodology. We examined simple, total, Type I and Type II income and employment multiplier effects of private and public higher education institutions (HEIs) in Malaysia. We found that private HEIs have larger direct and indirect income impacts than public HEIs. With the presence of household spending, both public and private HEIs have greater induced income impacts than direct and indirect income generation effects. We also found that Type I multipliers for private and public HEIs lead to additional income of 1.34 and 1.32 for every initial Ringgit of labour income, respectively, while Type II income multipliers for private and public HEIs account for additional income of 3.09 and 3.05, respectively. Higher education creates 1.21 workers per RM 10,000 investment. The overall results show that private higher education has a relatively greater income effect on the economy.compared to public higher education. The higher education sector is also found to be ineffective in creating new employment in the economy. JEL Classification: I23, I25

This paper examines e-learning adoption in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). The paper examines whether there is a difference between the Private and public HEIs e-learning adoption. The rationale for the examination stands from the fact that scholars are of option that there is different between private and public HEIs e-learning adoption. From an empirical survey conducted in Tanzania, this paper evaluates both staffs and students on the current situations, factors affecting, similarities and differences of e-learning adoption between private and public HEIs. The research reveals that, despite of the government efforts to support e-learning initiative by introducing national ICT polices to boost the level of adoption; very few private HEIs have adopted e-learning compared to public HEIs. The limited initial investment, lack of expertize, lack of guaranteed electrical power, poor strategic change management plans, and lack of innovative ideas are the barriers to e-learning adoption.

Malaysia is a newly industrialized market economy and reliant upon foreign direct investment to increase its economic outlook. Being located in a strategic position between Asia, Australasia and Oceania has made it an attractive proposition for foreign higher education providers wanting to expand their international presence. Despite this, there are many market and regulatory challenges facing foreign providers operating as private higher education institutions (HEIs) within Malaysia. To gain a competitive edge they must clearly understand how the many cultures, values, norms, behaviors, and mindsets within Malaysia can be used to drive strategy. Unfortunately, very little is known about Malaysian perceptions of private HEIs compared to public HEIs. By drawing upon utility theory, the aim of this research is to construct a scale for measuring brand identity of HEIs in Malaysia. Data from a sample of 371 students from private and public HEIs in Malaysia were collected and analyzed using structural equation modeling to form a two-factor measurement model consisting of visual and verbal identity cues. Tests of differences were performed, which showed dimensions such as distribution channel, public relations, promotion, core service, price, and system having significant differences between private and public HEIs.

Historically, Brazilian higher education teachers' pedagogical training has not been a concern. Even today, a graduate degree is the main requirement to be a faculty member. However, a set of competencies is necessary to teach: pedagogical competency, political competency, and knowledge of specific content. Most graduate training covers only knowledge of specific content. Therefore, this work aimed to outline the profile of basic health sciences faculty members teaching in biomedical and related fields regarding their undergraduate and graduate training, as well as the initial and continued pedagogical training in Brazilian public and private higher education institutions (HEIs). An electronic questionnaire was sent to these professionals, and a total of 763 responses were analyzed (66.4% from public and 33.6% from private HEIs). Compared with private HEI faculty, faculty from public HEIs were more experienced in teaching, and more time had passed since they finished their graduate training. On the other hand, faculty from private HEIs had a more intense undergraduate teaching workload than faculty from public HEIs. Additionally, faculty from private HEIs attended more extensive and more frequent pedagogical training activities (PTAs). Both groups expressed that activities closely related to their classroom practice and recognition for good pedagogical performance were incentives for their participation in PTAs. In conclusion, differences between the faculty from public and private HEIs may be due to the characteristics of HEIs themselves. Hypothetically, private HEIs focus on teaching, which may explain why faculty from these institutions seek improvement in this area, whereas public HEIs focus on research.

The survival of private higher education institutions (HEIs) in Portugal is closely linked to the country's regulatory framework, which affects their financial sustainability, operational autonomy and their capacity to compete with public HEIs. Although legislative reforms since 2006 have aimed to reduce disparities between public and private HEIs, significant regulatory constraints remain - particularly in relation to academic employment. This study provides a comprehensive review of the legal framework governing higher education (HE) in Portugal, focusing on legal decisions related to academic employment and its relation to the survival of public, private and hybrid HEIs. Our analysis shows that private HEIs are experiencing an increasing loss of autonomy, due to new accreditation standards on teaching staff employment contracts. This may constrain HEIs' strategic development and long-term survival. Policy and managerial implications derived from these findings are discussed.

PurposeThis study explores the similarities and dissimilarities among master and bachelor students, which impetus on the marketing strategies for private higher education (HE) institutions to have more intake of master students.Design/methodology/approachThe unit of analysis of the present study is the master and bachelor students from the four leading private universities in Malaysia. Based on the extensive literature review and expert opinion, the framework and the structured questionnaire have been conceptualized. A sample of 410 students responded to the structured survey questionnaire, and the question items were adapted from the existing literature.FindingsThere are statistically significant differences between master and bachelor students on the dimensions of smart classroom, peer support, patnership and perceived benefits. Interestingly, master students are highly influenced by smart classroom, peer support and perceived benefits, while bachelor students favor patnership.Practical implicationsThe present study provides a conceptualized research framework with some new dimensions, which can be used to examine the factors influencing master's and bachelors' students. Further, the differences in the perceptions of the master and bachelor students were tested to study the performance of the private HE institutions.Originality/valueThis study suggests marketing strategies for private HE institutions in developing countries since the masters' intake of students has been declining. Findings of this study will help private universities in developing countries to enhance procedures and formalities of curriculum and functional operating systems to achieve Higher Education Success.

Higher education institutions (HEIs) have significant potential to elevate the quality of education by embracing Total Quality Management (TQM) practices. TQM aids HEIs in enhancing their preparedness for institutional assessment and accreditation processes conducted by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) and the National Board of Accreditation (NBA). The study aims to find out whether both private and public HEIs in Odisha are adopting TQM practices equally. For that purpose a survey was conducted by using a structured questionnaire. Total 416 valid responses from the faculty members of both private and public HEIs were collected and hypothesis was tested by using t-test in SPSS. The study reveals significant difference between public and private HEIs in their TQM adoption, particularly concerning quality practices such as faculty excellence, supportive administrative staff, research and innovation facilities, and physical and digital infrastructure. A uniform approach for TQM adoption will encourage the HEIs for their readiness for assessment and accreditation. Considering more number of responses the result of the study could have its broader applicability.

This research is mainly stressed on a comparative study on quality of leadership practice in Ethiopian Higher education institutes (HEIs) specifically on leadership practice in private and public Universities within five selected HEIs. Its implication in other public sectors was also examined based on the findings within the higher education. Basically the research looked into the styles, behaviors and practice of leadership within the private and public HEIs. In the research different leadership theoretical were examined and used in studying the practice. In Ethiopia, there are forty four public and four private universities. Out of these figures by the use of stratified sampling techniques three universities from public and two from private were selected from faculties of business & economics and informatics. Data analysis was made by using both chi-square and t-test for quantitative data and use of interpretational and reflective analysis for qualitative data. The findings showed that most of the leadership behavior manifested in private HEIs is more of task-oriented which primarily concerned with improving efficiency and process reliability. However, the leadership behavior in public HEIs is mostly related with relations-oriented which primarily concerned with strong commitment to the unit and its mission with improving human relations. Moreover, behaviors that are linked with change oriented like monitoring the external environment to identify threats and opportunities, initiating and leading change, encouraging innovative thinking, and facilitating collective learning were not given more attention in both institutions. Generally, the practices of transformational leadership in both HEIs were found weak which resulted in an adverse effect in other public sectors that requires consideration both from the government and HEIs. Hence there should be a balance insight on all change, relation and task-oriented practice in both institutions. Moreover, both public and private institutions leaders should be clearer on leadership theories, styles, behaviors and models so as to improve their practice within their circumstance.

The importance and frequency of social media in marketing communication is undeniable today, especially when the target of such communication are young people (and the puropse is advertising and overall improvement of internal communication). Social media are the main source of information for youth as well as virtual space where they can express and present themselves in the best possible way. The significant role of using social media in everyday communication has been recognized by institutions of higher education and they have become an essential part of their marketing mix. Ultimately, the students are the ones who have the main role in acquiring new communication technologies and their communication networks have tendency to be dense and layered (Quan-Haase, 2007). That is the reason why new technologies like social media are mostly accepted and used by high school and university students. In this paper authors analyse the meaning, influence and usage of social media in the context of institutions of higher education and present the findings of an online survey conducted among teachers in such institutions in Croatia. By analysing the results, authors got 104 replies who helped them to get an insight into activities of institutions of higher education on social media as well as the usage of certain social media by private institutions compared with the public ones. This research confirmed that private institutions of higher education are on the overall more active in the usage of social media. However, Chi-squared test showed almost no difference in usage of the most popular social media Facebook and Instagram in private and public institutions of higher education, whereas there is a difference in usage of other social media. In this research, the intensity of certain social media usage in general in Croatia was also compared with the level of their usage in institutions of higher education.

Many of the studies and researchers published in Total Quality Management (TQM) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) have confirmed an interest in total quality in the education sector. Increasingly, this concern with the growing awareness of this approach's significance and the critical role of the TQM in providing quality education services when applied effectively. In United Arab Emirate (UAE), many private higher education institutes (PHEI's) face many challenges related to their traditional management systems. There is a rapid growth in the private higher education sector in UAE in terms of the number of institutions, students, and employees. After decades of development, education quality in private higher education institutes (PHEIs) has become one of the main considerations. The Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) continuously monitored the improvement measures applied in such institutions. However, some challenges emerged in many 'PHEI's across the UAE, most of which are associated with the growing demands to offer quality education services. In response to the high demand for quality education, some of the existing 'PHEI's in UAE have been reportedly poor in their ratings. The MOHE even terminated some other institutes as they fall below expectations. This undertaken research aims to assess and propose solutions to the below problems. This study reviews the implications of adopting TQM and CSR management approaches on higher education institutes' performance, focusing on PHEI's in UAE.

It is worth noting that the utilisation of marketing strategies by Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) operates within a complex and unclear environment. This study, therefore, explored the predominant marketing strategies used for branding HEIs in Tanzania. The study adopted an embedded mixed methods research design. Semi-structured interviews with 12 staff members from 6 HEIs, including 6 public relations officers (PROs) and 6 registrars were utilised. An online questionnaire was also administered to 100 students through Google Forms. PROs and registrars were purposively selected, while a convenience sampling technique was applied for student participants. Qualitative data were thematically analysed, while quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS version 27. The findings indicated no statistically significant differences in the marketing strategies employed by public and private HEIs. This suggests that both private and public-owned HEIs employ a diverse range of marketing strategies, encompassing both traditional and digital approaches to enhance their brand image. The study also identified that word-of-mouth recommendations from current students, alumni, and other influential individuals emerged as a particularly influential marketing channel for HEIs. University websites and various digital platforms were also identified as key branding tools. Traditional approaches such as print media, school visits, and radio/TV advertisements still hold relevance to some extent. The study recommends that HEIs continue to invest in and optimise their digital marketing capabilities while also calling for the Tanzania Commission for Universities (TCU) to provide comprehensive guidance and support for the effective utilisation of both traditional and digital branding approaches.

Knowledge is one of the most important driving forces for business success. Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs) are becoming more knowledge intensive and in the global market they are aware of this, and try to explore the field of knowledge management (KM) in order to improve and sustain their competitiveness. HEIs create and apply knowledge in their processes and activities. The growth in the number of private HEIs in India, in the last decade, has multiplied and hence it has increased the competition and the pressures for performing better. The institutions are forced to recognize the need for knowledge management (KM) practices. The objective of this research work is to investigate and compare the practices of knowledge management processes (knowledge creation, capture, organization, storage, dissemination and application) in both public and private HEIs in Udupi and South Kanara districts. The methodology used in this research is based on Lawson’s (2003) model. The variables used for comparing the practices of knowledge management process in public (NITK) and private (MIT) HEIs in Udupi and South Kanara districts are Knowledge creation, capture, organisation, storage, dissemination, and application. The target population of the research is consisting of all faculty members in these two HEIs (N=782). The Sample size was estimated about 201 people based on Morgan’s table. A questionnaire, which was applied lesson’s theory, was used to assemble the needed data, and the SPSS software was used for analysing the data. The results showed no significant differences among the knowledge creation, knowledge capturing, organizing and application in both HEIs. And there is a significant difference among knowledge storing, dissemination and KM effectiveness in both the HEIs.