Abstract
Diet-related chronic diseases constitute public health and developmental challenges in Ghana. The Ghana Health Service in 2007 reported a national prevalence of diabetes of 11.6%, 27.8% for hypertension and 25% of women were reported to be overweight. Adolescents usually adopt lifestyles that negatively affect their nutritional and health status and increase their risk for development of diet-related chronic diseases later in life. The study was therefore carried out to investigate adolescents’ knowledge of diet-related chronic diseases and its influence on their dietary practices. The study design was a cross-sectional survey involving 313 adolescents aged 14 18 years from public and private senior high schools. Structured interviews and diet assessment methods were used to collect information on respondents’ knowledge of diet-related chronic diseases and dietary practices. The data collected were analyzed using the SPSS program version 16. The Chi-square test and ANOVA were used to determine the relationships between respondents’ knowledge of diet-related chronic diseases and dietary practices. The results revealed that knowledge of diabetes, hypertension and obesity were low among the respondents with most of them (89.2%) having fair to poor knowledge of the diseases. Eighty-eight percent of the adolescents ate three or more times in a day. Meals mostly skipped were breakfast and lunch. Dietary diversity of the respondents was generally poor. There was a significant relationship between knowledge of diet-related chronic diseases and the dietary practices of the adolescents. As knowledge of the diseases increased, dietary diversity also improved.
Highlights
Diet-related chronic diseases are long-term diseases that are not contagious and are largely preventable
The results revealed that knowledge of diabetes, hypertension and obesity were low among the respondents with most of them (89.2%) having fair to poor knowledge of the diseases
There was a significant relationship between knowledge of diet-related chronic diseases and the dietary practices of the adolescents
Summary
Diet-related chronic diseases are long-term diseases that are not contagious and are largely preventable. They are diseases that result from poor eating habits. Diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, osteoporosis, and dental diseases [1]. According to World Health Organization [2], diet-related chronic diseases are the major cause of death and disability worldwide. Cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity, cancer and respiratory diseases, account for 59% of the 57 million deaths annually and 46% of the global burden of disease. A relationship exists between dietary habits and diet-related chronic diseases. A change in dietary habits and physical activity has been reported to have a major impact in reducing the rates of these diseases, often in a relatively short time. Advances in medicine and rehabilitation have made it possible for some chronic diseases sufferers to manage the disease without affecting other areas of their lives [2]
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