Adolescents' contributions to the family in a community-based sample: Links with emotional well-being and individual differences.

Policy Recommendations to Promote Integrated Mental Health Care for Children and Youth.

The main purpose of this dissertation was to assess the psychosocial resources and their effect on developmental health outcomes in African-American older adults in their 60s, 80s, and 100s. One framework that was helpful in understanding the outcomes of aging African Americans was Hobfall's conservation of resources model (Hobfall, 1989). Three studies are presented and discussed using data from the Georgia Centenarian Study. The first study investigated the type and level of resources older African Americans report. In addition, age, gender, and cohort effects were examined to observe differences in the type and level of resources possessed. The second and third studies set out to develop resource models of adaptation based on Martin and Martin’s (2002) model of developmental adaptation. These models account for distal and proximal experiences and conditions that contribute to developmental health outcomes that can be used within the African-American older adult population, as well as serve as a potential framework for other ethnic minority older adults. More specifically, the second study examined early life experiences (i.e., education, childhood financial well-being, and early life events) and current social, financial and active coping resources on physical and functional health outcomes. The third study examined early life experiences (i.e., education, childhood financial well-being, and early life events) and current social, financial and active coping resources on mental health outcomes. The overall results suggest that African American older adults perceive themselves as having sufficient levels of psychosocial resources. Financial resources was a predictor of perceived physical health and functional health, whereas social resources was predictive of functional health and depressive symptoms.

Introduction to Special Section: Behavioral Health and Disasters—Planning for the Next Time

The purpose of this study was to examine cohort comparisons in levels of resources (e.g., mental health, physical functioning, economic and social resources, and cognitive functioning) for 211 community-dwelling centenarians (whose Mini-Mental Status Examination score was 23 or higher) of phases I and III of the Georgia Centenarian Study. The earlier cohort was defined as those born between 1881 and 1895 (part of phase I) and the later cohort included persons born between 1901 and 1907 (part of phase III). Five specific domains were compared: mental health; mental status; physical functioning; social resources; and economic resources. Results showed that there were significant cohort comparisons in five domains: mental health; mental status; physical functioning; social networks; and economic resources. Findings suggest that the later centenarian cohort was more satisfied with life, felt less depressed, showed less positive or negative emotion, had higher scores on perceived economic status, and higher levels of physical and cognitive functioning when compared to the earlier cohort. In conclusion, our findings suggest that recent cohorts of centenarians may be better off than previous ones with respect to several areas of individual resources. This study suggests that, even as the number of centenarians increases and some proportion of centenarians experience severe deterioration at the end of their life, there are improvements of functioning, health, and overall life quality among advanced older adults.

To provide a review of the literature comparing anxious and depressive symptoms in caregivers of children with asthma with caregivers of healthy children. A systematic search identified 25 studies from 17 articles, reporting outcomes on 4,300 caregivers of children with asthma and 25,064 caregivers of healthy children. Overall, anxious (d = 0.50) and depressive symptoms (d = 0.44) were higher in caregivers of children with asthma compared with caregivers of healthy children. Age, site of recruitment, and whether the asthma diagnosis was medically confirmed were included as potential moderators. The relationship between parental psychopathology and asthma was stronger in those with medically confirmed asthma and participants recruited from clinical settings. Other moderators were not significant. Caregivers of children with asthma appear to have greater anxious and depressive symptoms than caregivers of healthy children, but the reasons are unclear. More research that investigates modifiable factors that may moderate this association is urgently needed.

Providing home care for a child with a chronic illness can be stressful for the family. The purpose of this paper is to examine patterns of caregiving and the associated psychological impact on maternal caregivers of children with sickle cell disease (SCD). Fourteen maternal caregivers of children with SCD were interviewed as part of a larger study of maternal caregivers of children with chronic illness. Forty-four caregivers of children with HIV and 36 caregivers of healthy children were included as comparison groups. Interviews included questions regarding amount of time spent providing care for the child (technical care, non-technical care, health care management), hospitalization, emergency room visits, illness stigma, and mental health of the caregiver. Children with SCD had significantly lower functional status and significantly more hospitalizations in the previous 3 months than children with HIV. Caregivers of children with SCD were more likely to work full-time and had higher incomes than caregivers of children with HIV. The three caregiving groups did not differ significantly on amount of total care, although caregivers of children with SCD and caregivers of children with HIV both reported significantly more time spent in technical care than caregivers of healthy children. Despite lower functional status of the children in the SCD group, when group comparisons on caregiving time variables were adjusted for child's functional status, the differences between groups increased. This appeared to be due to the fact that caregivers in the HIV group spent more time in all caregiving categories except skin, crisis, and other care. In terms of caregiver mental health, caregivers of children with HIV and SCD had significantly higher depressive mood scores than caregivers of healthy children but the groups did not differ on caregiving burden. The perceived care burden of caregivers of children with SCD may be related to the unpredictable nature of the crisis care they provide. Additional attention is warranted to developing adequate resources for caregivers of children with SCD to mitigate the stress of unexpected crises.

BackgroundLife-limiting illnesses often lead to complex care needs and multifaceted support requirements for both severely ill persons and their informal caregivers, particularly at the end of life. The extent to which these needs are met may be significantly influenced by available economic and social resources. However, an in-depth understanding of how such resources shape end-of-life experiences is still missing. Therefore, our systematic review of qualitative studies aimed to explore and understand the perceptions of severely ill persons at the end of life and their informal caregivers regarding the relevance and consequences of their economic and social resources in varying settings of high-income countries.MethodsWe followed the PRISMA guideline and searched MEDLINE via PubMed, CINAHL and PsychInfo from inception, which means the earliest available records in each database to October 2025. In addition, we searched reference lists of relevant studies. Three authors (DB, GM, MM) extracted the data, and four authors (DB, GM, FO, MM) assessed study quality using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research. The ratings were verified through mutual double checks. Any discrepancies were resolved through discussion with EB. We synthesized the data using qualitative content analysis according to Schreier.ResultsIn total, we included 20 studies reporting on various economic and social resources, which were sometimes interdependent. In the overarching category of economic resources, we identified three subcategories: (1) savings and assets, (2) workplace resources of informal caregivers, and (3) state support and insurance. The identified social resources could be structured into four subcategories according to House’s Social Support Theory: emotional support, appraisal support, instrumental support, and informational support.ConclusionsSeverely ill persons and their informal caregivers face major emotional, practical, and organizational challenges at the end of life, and the extent of their burden is closely linked to available economic and social resources. Informal caregivers, who both provide and need support, require targeted professional and peer interventions to manage these demands and protect their well-being. Compassionate Communities appear to be a possible approach to reducing psychological burden, social isolation, and caregiver overload.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12904-025-01961-6.

Despite a well-established association between relative social position and health, stratification at smaller levels of social organization has received scant attention. Neighborhood is a localized context that has increasing relevance for adults as they age, thus one's relative position within this type of mesolevel group may have an effect on mental health, independent of absolute level of social and economic resources. We examine the relationship between an older adult's relative rank within their neighborhoods on two criteria and depressive symptoms. Using data from the Chicago Health and Aging Project, neighborhood relative social position was ascertained for two social domains: income and social reputation (number of neighbors one knows well enough to visit). Using multilevel models, we estimated the effect of relative position within the neighborhood on depressive symptoms, net of absolute level for each domain and average neighborhood level. Higher neighborhood relative rankings on both income and visiting neighbors were associated with fewer depressive symptoms. Although both were modest in effect, the gradient in depressive symptoms was three times steeper for the relative rank of visiting neighbors than for income. Men had steeper gradients than women in both domains, but no race differences were observed. These findings suggest that an older adult's relative position in a local social hierarchy is associated with his/her mental health, net of absolute position.

Positive social relationships are known to mitigate the negative effects of stress on mental health. However, the direction of association between social resources and mental health remains unclear, and it is not known whether higher than average levels of social resources confer additional benefits, in the short and longer term. To investigate the concurrent and longitudinal contribution of higher levels of social resources in reducing the risk of mental health symptoms after exposure to stress at age 45, and to identify life-course precursors of mid-life social resources. The National Child Development Study (NCDS) is a prospective birth cohort of over 17 000 births in 1958. We tested concurrent and longitudinal associations between different levels of social resources at age 45 and mental health symptoms among individuals exposed to stress and verified whether prior mental health symptoms (age 42) explained these associations. We also tested a range of child, family and adult precursors of mid-life social resources. Higher than average levels of social resources were required to confer benefits to mental health among individuals exposed to high stress levels, both concurrently at age 45 and in the longer term at age 50. In general, these associations were not attributable to prior mental health symptoms. Key predictors of mid-life social resources included evidence of early sociability. Having a broad network of social ties and better personal support helps individuals withstand exposure to higher levels of stress. Given that sociable children had better mid-life social resources, early intervention may benefit individuals' social resources later in life.

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability and is caused by reduced or absent Fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein (FMRP). Cognitive and adaptive skills widely vary among individuals with FXS, and these individual phenotypic differences are not fully accounted for by individual differences in FMRP expression. Social-environmental factors, including social determinants of health, may help further explain these individual differences, but these environmental factors have been under-studied in FXS. 175 participants with FXS (123 males; age range: 4-72 years) completed the Stanford-Binet, Fifth Edition to estimate IQ and a blood draw to quantify peripheral FMRP levels. Caregivers from a subset of participants also completed the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. Neighborhood-level social-environmental information was extracted by linking participants' home addresses to rankings of neighborhood resources (e.g., household income, pollution, healthcare access) from the Child Opportunity Index (COI). We calculated the unique variance in IQ and adaptive behaviors accounted for by these neighborhood-level social-environmental factors from the COI while covarying for FMRP expression. Even after accounting for individual differences in FMRP, numerous neighborhood factors were associated with greater IQ in males with FXS, including social resources and indicators of healthcare access. Different social-environment factors were associated with stronger adaptive skills in males with FXS, including economic and educational resources. Almost no neighborhood factors were associated with clinical outcomes in females. Our finding of stronger links between neighborhood resources and clinical outcomes in males with FXS is consistent with previous work and may reflect increased reliance on social-environmental supports in males who typically have more significant intellectual and adaptive deficits than females. Consistent associations between greater social resources, higher IQ, and stronger adaptive skills suggest social support (e.g., social cohesion, resource and knowledge sharing) may be a particularly salient target for intervention. Associations between economic resources and adaptive communication skills also highlight the benefits of targeted economic supports for families affected by FXS. Together, our findings underscore the role of social determinants of health as key contributors to individual differences and the importance of considering these factors in clinical studies of FXS.

This prospective, comparative study investigated variables in 60 recently widowed older men and women at three to four months and nine to 10 months after bereavement and compared them with an age‐matched of nonbereaved. Major sections of the Duke University Older Americans' Resources and Services multidimensional functional assessment questionnaire were used to measure physical and mental health and social and economic resources. The Zung self‐rating depression. scale (ZSDS) was used to evaluate the amount of depression. Subjects' scores were compared at Times 1 and 2 with scores of the comparison group. The bereaved were most impaired on physical health and economic resources: 18 percent were classified as moderately to severely depressed by the ZSDS and at both Times 1 and 2 they had significantly poorer scores than nonbereaved on all variables except social resources. For both groups, social and economic resources correlated highly with physical and mental health. Only for nonbereaved did age show a relationship to physical health and depression. Further research should focus on specific components of social resources and on evaluating interventions to reestablish social networks and mobilize social resources.

Health capabilities and diabetes self-management: The impact of economic, social, and cultural resources

The OARS methodology was used to assess functional capacity in 152 noninstitutionalized Hispanic elderly immigrants. Their economic resources were the most impaired of any functional dimension. Only half of the sample wasfunctioning well in mental health. Although there were no significant gender differences on social resources there were significant differences in economic resources, mental health, physical health, and ADL. Education was predictive of better social and economic resources. Younger people had significantly better function on physical health and ADL. I discuss cultural interpretation of the findings and examine strategies for practice.

BackgroundChildhood cancer can disrupt family functioning, increase caregiver psychological distress, and impair caregiver quality of life. While family resilience is crucial for adaptation, most research has focused on individual-level factors, neglecting heterogeneity and multilevel influences on family resilience.MethodsGuided by the Social Ecological Model (SEM), this cross-sectional observational study used latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify distinct profiles of family resilience among caregivers of children with cancer and to explore factors associated with these profiles. Between July 2022 and March 2024, 292 caregivers were recruited. Family resilience was measured using the Family Resilience Assessment Scale. LPA was employed to identify resilience profiles, and binary logistic regression was used to explore influencing factors.ResultsTwo latent profiles were identified: the Low Resources–Low Positivity profile (86%) and the High Internal Resilience profile (14%). The Low Resource–Low Positivity profile demonstrated generally lower scores, especially in utilizing social and economic resources and maintaining a positive outlook. The High Internal Resilience profile showed higher scores across all family resilience dimensions, particularly in communication/problem solving, positive outlook, and meaning-making, while the use of external social and economic resources remained relatively lower. Univariate analysis showed significant differences between profiles in residence, number of siblings, caregiver education, individual resilience, social support, caregivers’ physical and psychological well-being and child communication (caregiver-reported). Binary logistic regression identified having more than one child (OR = 3.184, 95% CI: 1.437 ~ 7.057, P = 0.004) and higher individual resilience (OR = 1.095, 95% CI: 1.028 ~ 1.165, P = 0.005) as significant predictors of High Internal Resilience profile.ConclusionThis study identified two distinct family resilience profiles among caregivers of children with cancer. Limited use of social and economic resources was common, while caregiver resilience and having multiple children predicted higher family resilience. Interventions should enhance caregiver coping capacity, support one-child families through peer and family programs, and improve access to social support, flexible employment, and affordable care to strengthen family resilience.Clinical trial numberNot applicable.

Beef cattle are one of the national commodity strategies of the livestock subsector, so that no livestock business and livestock business development is inseparable from the support of various resources. The livestock farmer empowerment program in accordance with Government Regulation Number 6 of 2013 is expected to be able to increase livestock farmers' access to beef cattle farming business resources. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the empowerment program on the accessibility of beef cattle business resources, namely financial, technological, physical, economical, environmental, and social resources. The study was conducted in Purnama Village, Tegalampel Subdistrict, Bondowoso District, East Java Province. The study used qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative data collection used the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and observation methods, while quantitative data collection used survey methods, namely by interview (oral survey) and filling out questionnaires (written survey). The study involved 122 beef cattle farmers (owning their own), which was determined by the requirement that respondents have at least 2 (two) cows (micro-scale). Data analysis used simple linear regression. The results of the study indicate that livestock farmers have a positive influence on livestock business resources, including financial, technological, physical, economical, environmental, and social resources. However, livestock farmers only significantly influence technological, environmental, and social resources, while other resources, such as financial, physical, and economical resources, have no significant influence. Livestock empowerment has a 22.09% impact on technological resources, a 23.80% impact on environmental resources, and a 30.30% impact on social resources.