‘Adolescence’, manufactured outrage and instructed victimhood: How the discourse on boys’ alienation is fuelled by anti-feminist agendas

ABSTRACTBackground: In the Peruvian Amazon, historical events of colonization and political marginalization intersect with identities of ethnicity, class and geography in the construction of gender and health inequities. Gender-based inequalities can manifest in poor health outcomes via discriminatory practices, healthcare system imbalances, inequities in health research, and differential exposures and vulnerabilities to diseases. Structural violence is a comprehensive framework to explain the mechanisms by which social forces such as poverty, racism and gender inequity become embodied as individual experiences and health outcomes, and thus may be a useful tool in structuring an intersectional analysis of gender and health inequities in Amazonian Peru.Objective: The aim of this paper is to explore the intersection of gender inequities with other social inequalities in the production of health and disease in Peru’s Amazon using a structural violence approach.Design: Exploratory qualitative research was performed in two Loreto settings – urban Iquitos and the rural Lower Napo River region – between March and November 2015. This included participant observation with prolonged stays in the community, 46 semi-structured individual interviews and three group discussions. Thematic analysis was performed to identify emerging themes related to gender inequalities in health and healthcare and how these intersect with layered social disadvantages in the reproduction of health and illness. We employed a structural violence approach to construct an intersectional analysis of gender and health inequities in Amazonian Peru.Results: Our findings were arranged into five interrelated domains within a gender, structural violence and health model: gender as a symbolic institution, systemic gender-based violence, interpersonal violence, the social determinants of health, and other health outcomes. Each domain represents one aspect of the complex associations between gender, gender inequity and health. Through this model, we were able to explore: gender, health and intersectionality; structural violence; and to highlight particular local gender and health dynamics. Intersecting influences of poverty, ethnicity, geography and gender served as significant barriers to healthcare in both rural and urban settings.

INTRODUCTION:“Gender” denotes the differences in the social roles of different sexes. This interaction results in variable health outcomes and care-seeking behavior. The present study was conducted to find out the attitude of school-going adolescents regarding gender equity and also to explore teachers’ perceptions in this context in a school of tribal belt of West Bengal.MATERIALS AND METHODS:A cross-sectional, mixed-method study was conducted among the students of classes eight to twelve, chosen by complete enumeration technique, with a predesigned, pretested validated questionnaire. The questionnaire was based on Gender Equitable Men scale and International Men and Gender Equality Survey questionnaire, comprising the following domains: ‘Gender restrictions’, ‘Gender attributes’, and ‘Gender domination’. The respondents were categorized into ‘high’, ‘moderate’, and ‘low’ groups as per their domain-wise attitude scores. In-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted among seven teachers chosen purposively. Thematic analysis was done with the qualitative data.RESULTS:Out of 191 students, 112 were girls (58.6%) and 47 belonged to scheduled tribe category (24.6%). Overall, 170 (89.0%), 80 (41.9%), and 96 (50.3%) students had a high gender-equitable attitude regarding the domains of ‘gender restrictions’, ‘gender attributes’, and ‘gender domination’ respectively. Girls had higher percentage of high gender-equitable attitude in all the three domains (92.0%, 57.1%, and 50.9%, respectively). Regarding ‘gender restrictions’, 91.2% had high gender-equitable attitude in lower age group, compared to 81.4% in higher age group. Among the lower and higher age groups, 52.7% and 41.9% respectively, had high gender-equitable attitude on ‘gender domination’. Gender inequality amidst poverty, women deprived of health care, and gender violence were the major themes derived from the IDIs.CONCLUSION:Girls had a better attitude toward gender equity. Laws regarding gender dominance and violence should be focused. Conducting intensified awareness campaigns on gender equity and addressing women's right to health is a much-needed timely intervention for the health of womenfolk.

Since the mid-2010s, the abolitionist perspective defining prostitution as a violence in itself has gained importance in Paris and the Ile-de-France region, in particular in policies to combat violence toward women. This has resulted in a sharp and divisive debate about prostitution and the experiences that sex workers have of violence, as well as how to address this issue. By taking an intersectional perspective, particularly in its structural and political dimension, this chapter aims first of all to give an account of the logics of this divide and to bring to light the myriad forms of violence that sex workers face on a daily basis. Moving beyond a largely moral stance, it aims to highlight the way in which notions of safety and violence are defined in institutional policies to combat gender-based violence and the unspoken hierarchies they shape. The second step is to understand and emphasize some of the issues at stake in an improved handling of this violence.

In the present article we intend to describe the work developed in the Program against Gender Violence (PcVG) of the National University of San Martin to reflect on the approach to the problem of gender violence at the level of higher education. To do this, we analyze the following axes, firstly, the problematization of which conceptual framework (s) of Gender Violence are used in Universities for assistance and intervention; As well as the institutional responses that are managed and implemented in the face of manifestations of gender-based violence in universities. Secondly, the actions of the Program against Gender Violence of the National University of San Martin (UNSAM), contemplate research on violence and intervention modalities; The Comprehensive Counseling in Sexual and Reproductive Health and Care of Violence; And working together in the Inter-University Network for Gender Equality and Violence; Key lines in the recognition of the university as a space in which discriminations and forms of violence based on gender are exercised, as well as in which knowledge and practices can be built around the autonomy of bodies.

The Spanish Comprehensive Protection Measures against Gender Violence of 28 December 2004 (Ley Organica 1/2004, de 28 de diciembre, de Medidas de Protección Integral contra la Violencia de Género) is considered one of the most advanced and ground-breaking legal acts designed to counter gender violence and is often viewed as a model piece of legislation to be emulated by other countries. The characteristic feature of this law is the introduction of criminal-law protection for women experiencing violence from their partner.Although the Spanish law has been praised in the international arena, it has definitely elicited mixed feelings in Spain itself. It seems a paradox that one of the few laws passed in recent decades with the full consensus of all political parties instantly became one of the most criticized and subjected to judgment. Even before it entered into force, the law encountered significant criticism from the Spanish judiciary, while its application in practice has earned it further opponents and critics – nearly all of them engaged social stakeholders: feminists, legal theorists, criminologists, and victims of violence themselves. Some of the charges probably do not stem from the faulty operation or application of the law as such, but from the dashed hopes and disappointed expectations, grounded in the naïve belief that the new law would quickly transform society and eradicate gender violence.The aim of the article is to sum up ten years of the gender violence law in Spain. The first part outlines the origins of LO 1/2004, its historical and political background, including the fall of Franco’s dictatorship and the later socialist government whose rule led to increased interest in gender equality and the introduction of measures to counter all instances of discrimination in addition to raising public awareness of violence against women starting in the 1990s.The second part discusses the content of LO 1/2004 and explains why the Spanish legislators adopted the gender violence framework (instead of the neutral ‘domestic violence’ model, as referenced in Polish and other national legislations), which recognises that women are disproportionally more prone to certain forms of violence, particularly on the part of relatives and partners, which is due to structural inequality and centuries-old historical discrimination of women. Gender violence is an infringement of human and women’s rights and, as such, should be combated. The ‘gender violence’ approach is also currently the dominant perspective in international human rights discourse and international documents. The third part discusses controversies that have arisen in connection with the law and examines the main charges put against it. The introduction of LO 1/2004 has raised doubts as to its being consistent with the constitutional principle of equality before the law. The Spanish Constitutional Tribunal decided this issue in favour of the law in 2008. The law might also make the situation of certain victims more complicated, as it imposes very strict and punitive solutions, thus stripping them of subjectivity. The law has moreover encountered strong opposition from the judiciary itself, which wasn’t pleased with it from the very beginning. Finally, the Author examines various figures related to gender violence and how they have evolved over the ten years since the law entered into force.Part four is devoted to the amendment of Spanish criminal law in 2015 to take account of gender violence, and discusses the direction of legislative and criminal/political changes.The final part consists of a summary and an attempt to provide a comprehensive assessment of the law since it was passed.

BackgroundLong-term musculoskeletal pain is common, particularly among women. Pain conditions are a concern in primary health care, and people with severe and complex pain are referred to specialty health care. There is gender bias in access, counselling, assessment, and treatment of long-term pain.ObjectiveThis study explores patient accounts and perceptions about important (social) factors for accessing specialised pain rehabilitation from gender and intersectional equality perspectives. We aimed to identify potential biases and inequalities in accessing rehabilitation resources at a specialised rehabilitation clinic.DesignIndividual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 adults after an assessment or completion of a specialised rehabilitation programme in northern Sweden. Qualitative content analysis was used to explore patients’ perceptions of important factors for accessing rehabilitation.ResultsOne main theme was formulated as Access to rehab – not a given. Three categories of perceived inequality were demonstrated: power of gender, power of social status, and power of diagnosis. Participants perceived rehabilitation as a resource that is not equally available, but dependent on factors such as gender, socio-economic status, ability to work, ethnicity, or age, and more subtle aspects of social status and habitus (e.g. appearance, fitness, and weight). The character of diagnosis received (medical versus psychiatric or social) was also noted.ConclusionsIt is crucial that professionals are aware of how potential inequalities related to gender, social status, and diagnosis, and their intersections, can be created, perceived, and have influence on the processes of assessment and treatment. Reduction of social determinants of health and biases remain important within global, national, and local contexts.

Decades of campaigns and policy efforts have brought significant progress in women's economic and political status and pushed gender equality up the global policy agenda. The goal of gender equality, however, still remains largely out of reach, as illustrated by the recent wave of women's protests against sexual harassment, assault and gender violence (e.g. #MeToo movement). Some European countries (e.g. Poland, Hungary and Lithuania) have even seen their performance on gender equality backslide in recent years, and in parallel to calls for increased equality, a wave of mobilisation against gender equality has appeared in the public discourse. Conservative, authoritarian and populist voices in many democracies are now contesting the equal participation of men and women in society under the auspices of a "war on gender ideology." This backlash against women's empowerment carries considerable implications for anti-discrimination laws, policies protecting women against domestic violence, reproductive health and the establishment of gender quotas. Given the "backlash" against gender observed in various countries around the globe, we argue that now is a critical time to revisit and broaden our knowledge about gender discrimination, gender equality and sexism. Our proposed Research Topic will provide a gender perspective to illustrate and understand the recent illiberal turn in politics in a variety of contexts. Taking a comparative approach, we aim at improving our understanding of how sexism, discrimination and gender equality operate at the societal level, and how they shape broader social and political views. At the individual level, we will study the current, seemingly opposing forces—for and against gender equality— by analysing the antecedents, predispositions, experiences and motivations explaining and underpinning these attitudes towards different ways of gender equality (sexism and discrimination).

In this briefing I argue for the necessity to confront sexist values articulated by student teachers. I contend that acceptance of gender inequalities enables gender violence, and student teachers are well placed to serve as advocates for gender equality and activists against gender violence in schools. I present findings from a two-year participatory action research (PAR) study that used literary texts as catalysts to interrogate issues of gender inequality and violence. The study was underpinned by critical pedagogy and asserted an empowerment and transformation agenda. Using qualitatively analysed data from observations, interviews, focus-groups and written tasks, I found that when the student teachers, the majority of whom were female, discussed representations of gender inequality in the literary texts, they articulated an acceptance of patriarchy. While they understood that patriarchy and gender violence needed to be denounced, they perpetuated those values. The study thus had to engage them to confront such values. However, as the cycles of the study proceeded, they were able to interrogate issues of gender from an informed position and thus engender their journeys towards empowerment and transformation.

Latin Women Take the Helm

Equality expresses the symmetry of equal opportunities to every person to enjoy their human rights without discrimination on any kind of subject of human life. Remove gender equality is one of the common subjects of struggling issue since long ago. We are living in in nature and environment, Nature taught us real meaning of equality with equal treatment to all living being on earth in every sense. Gender equality referred to equal rights, opportunities and responsibility to man and woman or boy and girl. In India, women is worship as goddess and but in reality she is dominating by male society with bad treatment in real life. Indian constitution protect equality with no discrimination. Indian constitution is core document source to various legislation enacted by Indian government to ensure equal protection and remove gender discrimination, and girl-women can realize to access and protect their human rights.Researcher have made attempt to analyze and examine the term gender equality in context of Indian constitution and women laws, and its real application of norms in Indian society to protect gender equality. Outline the different aspect of discrimination face by women in real life concerning gender violence from her birth. Paper, Address real causes of gender inequality practice in Indian society. Evaluate the response of Indian judiciary to safeguard gender equality with different aspect. Researcher is focus on unhidden gender inequality which he has observe in his life. Finally conclude with certain remarks to remove gender inequality rooted in Indian society. Data for paper was gather from books, article, online news from concern web sites through internet

Purpose This study will look at the relationship between norms on gender equality on the one hand and the level of gender equality in the political and socioeconomic sphere, the presence or absence of armed conflict, and general peacefulness on the other. Design/methodology/approach Data on gender equality norms from the World Values Surveys, political and socioeconomic gender equality from the Global Gender Gap Index, armed conflict from the Uppsala Conflict Data Base, and general peacefulness from the Global Peace Index are analyzed in a bivariate correlation. Findings The results show a significant association between norms on and attitudes toward gender equality and levels of political and socioeconomic gender equality, absence or presence of armed conflict, and level of general peacefulness. Research limitations There is no data base on norms on and attitudes toward the use of violence which is why only levels of violence are included in the study. Social implications The study shows that governments, aid agencies, NGOs and others working on conflict prevention and peace building need to focus on improving gender equality in order to achieve a sustainable decrease in conflict levels and an improvement in general levels of peacefulness. Originality/value This study is original in that it looks at norms on gender equality on the individual level on the one hand and actual levels of both gender equality and violence in the society, including armed conflict on the other.

Taking its theoretical starting point in the feminist criticism of Habermas ́ conception of the public sphere, the article illustrates on the basis of empirical material how 14 Danish opinion-makers talk about gender equality and cultural diversity. The statements by prominent members of Danish political parties, think tanks, social movements and editorial boards of national dailies are analysed in an intersectional perspective, which seeks to illuminate different conceptions of cross-cutting forms of diversity within Danish society. The conclusion is that gender equality is often voiced as both a Danish and a European value, whereas there are ambiguous statements about to what extent there is a connection between gender equality and perceptions of Islam as either a religion or a culture.

This paper discusses what kind of role men have in gender equality and what they can contribute to gender equality based on relevant literature research and data. The paper examines the comments made and views expressed by most men on gender violence in online media, summarizes feminist speeches made by celebrities on social media, and aggregates what men can do for womens rights, such as male paternity leave. Finally, it was concluded that men are also victims of gender equality. They are bound and pushed by unreasonable demands to be a masculine man, and some of the male victims of gender violence are rarely taken seriously. Men should be a major driving force in promoting gender equality, and they should not be seen as hostile or outsiders

Public Policies, Nursing Role and Health Programs Against Gender Violence. Comparative Study Spain - Brazil

The United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls (SDG #5) is cited as interlinked with other SDGs. One often hears that “Global Goals cannot be achieved without ensuring gender equality and women’s empowerment” (UN, 2015) and that “gender equality is critical to all areas of a healthy society, from reducing poverty (SDG #1) to promoting health (SDG #3) and education (SDG #4), and to the protection of the well-being of girls and boys” (UN, 2016). Despite its importance, business academics have been slow to acknowledge issues surrounding gender equality amongst other SDGs. This chapter argues that despite these challenges, gender research in the wider field of marketing is experiencing a renaissance, fueled in part by global, political and social movements, and in part by the persistence of academics studying these connections. Three research areas for championing a path forward—gender violence, intersectionality, and local and global perspectives in marketing are presented. The translation of this research to inquiry based and transformative learning is particularly emphasized. Lastly, the chapter calls for and advocates ongoing and future efforts to keep the momentum of gender and sustainability issues at the forefront of the marketing field. Using marketing as an illustration for wider business disciplines, it is their role to recognize and become key drivers in shaping sustainable development.