Abstract
A regular network of squares is formed by points uniformly distributed (mostly in the square corners) over the surface that is represented by the network. Each point (node) of the network has specified coordinates (X and Y) with a fixed constant distance between them. The third coordinate in a node (H) is determined by the application of interpolation based on the points distributed (usually dispersed as a point cloud e.g., from LiDAR) over the surface of the area surrounding the node. The regular network of squares formed in this manner allows the representation of a digital terrain model (DTM) to be performed in spatial information systems (SIP, GIS). The main problem that arises during the construction of such a network is the proper determination of its resolution (the base distance between the coordinates X and Y) depending on the topography. This article presents a method of the regular network of squares resolution determination depending on the morphological shape of the terrain surface. Following the application of the procedures being described, a differently shaped terrain is assigned various network densities. This enables the minimisation of inaccuracies of the surface model being formed. Consequently, a regular network of squares is formed with different base square sizes, which is adjusted with its resolution to the morphology of the surface it describes. Such operations allow the terrain model accuracy to be maintained over the entire area while reducing the number of points stored in the DTM database to the minimum.
Highlights
A digital terrain model (DTM) is one of the basic information layers in systems that describe spatial phenomena (GIS) [1–10]
The distances between particular nodal points of the network should be selected in such a way that the structure under construction would allow the topography to be characterised as accurately as possible using a minimum number of nodal points
One of the ways of representing a digital terrain model in spatial information systems is a regular network of squares
Summary
A digital terrain model (DTM) is one of the basic information layers in systems that describe spatial phenomena (GIS) [1–10]. This enables the collection of very large volumes of data in a relatively short time. Due to their quantity, spatial distribution and specific characteristics, such datasets cannot, as a rule, be used directly in the creation of a DTM [18–28]. One of the structures that enable a reduction in data volume, data organisation and redundancy reduction is a regular network of squares [35–39]. It is constructed in the value interpolation process in established nodal points based on the measuring points that surround them
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