Abstract
Adipose tissue plays a major role in the regulation of insulin sensitivity and energy homeostasis in humans via its secretion products. Among the proteins produced by adipose tissue, termed adipokines, cytokines like TNFα are increased in obesity and have been shown to be involved in obesity-related insulin resistance. In contrast, the expression of adiponectin, which is only produced by adipose tissue, was found to be decreased in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Even if the biological functions of adiponectin are not fully understood, it clearly plays a critical role in insulin action and atherosclerosis. Recently discovered adiponectin receptors may mediate adiponectin effects on fatty acid oxidation and glucose uptake. Furthermore, thiazolidinediones, insulin-sensitizing agents, increase the expression and the production of adiponectin. Thus adiponectin or analogues could be useful for the treatment of the metabolic syndrome.
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