Adherence to the Mediterranean diet in children: Is it associated with economic cost?

Abstract

ObjectiveTo assess how the diet cost is associated with socio-demographic factors and adherence to Mediterranean diet in children. MethodsData were obtained from a community-based survey of children selected from public elementary schools in Portugal. Of a total of 586 children attending these schools, 464 (6–12 years), were studied. Dietary intake was assessed by a 24hour recall and the adherence to Mediterranean diet was evaluated through the KIDMED index. The cost of the diet was calculated based on the collection of food prices of a national leader supermarket, and expressed as Total Daily Cost (TDC) and Total Daily Cost-Adjusted for Energy (TDEC). Anthropometric measures were taken and socio-demographic data were gathered from a questionnaire filled by parents. Logistic regression was used to quantify the association between diet cost, socio-demographics and adherence to Mediterranean diet. ResultsThe average TDC was 4.58€ (SD=1.24). Most children (69.1%) reported medium adherence to Mediterranean diet, and 4.6% rated the higher score. TDC was higher for children with highest adherence to Mediterranean diet, compared to those with lowest adherence [TDC: OR=5.70 (95% CI 1.53, 21.33), p for trend=0.001; TDEC: OR=2.83 (95% CI 0.89, 8.96, p for trend 0.018)]. No meaningful variation in the diet cost with age and parental education was observed. ConclusionHigher adherence to Mediterranean diet was associated with higher diet cost in children.