Abstract
Widespread occurrence of ZnO nanoparticles in environment follows the growing number of applications either in technology or agriculture. The impact of five forms of nanoparticulate ZnO on copper, manganese and iron uptake by Pisum sativum L. cultivated in Hoagland solutions was investigated. Plants were collected after twelve days of zinc administration. Effect of bulk ZnO has also been studied. Initial zinc concentration was 100 mg L−1. Nanoparticles were characterized by the Transmission Electron Microscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering and Zeta potential measurements. Metal contents were analyzed using the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with flame atomization for samples digested in a microwave closed system. Analysis of variance indicated that zinc species at either molecular or nanoscale levels altered Cu, Mn and Fe uptake and their further transport in pea plants. In particular, significant reduction of Mn and Fe combined with the Cu increase was observed. Additive interactions originated by nanoparticles affect the heavy metals uptake and indicate pollutants migration pathways in plants. Unfortunately, regulations for the plant cultivation were formulated when anthropogenic nanoparticles were not in common use. They underestimate complexity of metals interactions in either plant or habitat. Our results indicate that these additive interactions cannot be neglected and deserve further investigations.
Highlights
Green pea (Pisum sativum L.) is one of the most extensively cultivated grain legumes worldwide
The influence of bare and hybrid ZnO NPs on green pea plants as cultivated in soil environment were studied by García-Gómez et al.[22] and Mukherjee et al.[9,23,24]
To the best of knowledge none investigations on combined, additive interactions of essential heavy metals in Pisum sativum plant grown in hydroponic media have been reported so far
Summary
Green pea (Pisum sativum L.) is one of the most extensively cultivated grain legumes worldwide. Plants are well adapted to diverse soil zones in either cool or mild climatic regions[1] Their seeds are rich in proteins, carbohydrates, dietary fibers, vitamins as well as minerals and are commonly used as vegetable or important protein source. The influence of ZnO nanomaterials on plants is commonly referred to the direct contact of NPs with plant tissues with special emphasis on possible interactions of solvated zinc ions and the reactive oxygen species mediated processes[17]. The latter mechanisms are complex and far from being thoroughly understood. To the best of knowledge none investigations on combined, additive interactions of essential heavy metals in Pisum sativum plant grown in hydroponic media have been reported so far
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