Adaptive Regulation

An adaptive power supply regulator based on pulse skip modulation (PSM) with fast transient response is proposed in this paper. The controller of the adaptive regulator includes a clock generator, a delayline, two flip-flops, two comparators, a pulse width generator and a NAND gate. For output voltage segmentation is used, the maximum conduction duty ratio of the power switch is not limited by the minimum boundary voltage of voltage scaling to ensure that the regulator operates in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). Compared with the conventional adaptive power supply regulator based on PSM, the proposed regulator can achieve better transient performance when the output voltage is scaling up. A model of the proposed adaptive power supply regulator is built and simulated with Matlab. The simulation results show that the output voltage of the regulator can scaled from 0.7 V to 1.8 V while the load frequency is scaled from 30 MHz to 150 MHz, and faster transient response can be achieved than conventional adaptive regulator based on PSM.

Adaptive regulation via weighted robust estimation and automatic controller tuning

Cognitive strategies that adolescents use to cope with negative emotions might show distinct profiles of cognitive emotion regulation strategies, which could be differentially associated with depressive symptoms. In total, 411 Dutch adolescents who had experienced at least one stressful life event that required some coping strategy participated in this study, including 334 nonclinical and 77 clinically depressed adolescents (12-21 years). A person-centered approach with Latent Profile Analysis was used to identify underlying profiles of cognitive emotion regulation based on the adolescents' reports of their use of cognitive emotion regulation strategies when they were confronted with stressful life events. Nine different strategies, five adaptive and four maladaptive, were used as indicators. Four profiles with distinct features were found in the nonclinical sample, as well as in the combined sample of nonclinical and clinically depressed adolescents: Low Regulators, High Regulators, Maladaptive Regulators, and Adaptive Regulators. In both samples, the High Regulators profile was most commonly used, followed by the Adaptive, Maladaptive, and Low Regulators profile. Maladaptive Regulators endorsed higher levels of depressive symptoms relative to Low, High, and Adaptive Regulators. The findings underscore the utility of using a person-centered approach in order to identify patterns of cognitive emotion regulation deficits in psychopathology.

This paper presents experimental results on the adaptive exact output regulation in a switched bimodal mechanical system subject to unknown sinusoidal exogenous inputs representing reference or disturbance signals. The adaptive regulator design exploits the Q parameterization of regulators for the switched system, and where the Q parameter is tuned online to yield the desired regulator. The proposed adaptive regulator is evaluated on an experimental setup motivated by the flying height regulation problem in hard disk drives. In the experimental setup, the tip of a flexible beam is supposed to maintain a constant separation with respect to a surface with an unknown profile, while also being subject to an unknown disturbance force. The system exhibits a switching behaviour depending on whether contact takes place between the surface to be tracked and the tip of the beam. The experimental results successfully demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in achieving exact output regulation against unknown sinusoidal exogenous inputs and in the presence of switching in the system dynamics.

Global warming poses a significant threat to plant ecosystems and agricultural productivity, primarily through heat stress (HS), which disrupts photosynthesis, respiration, and overall plant metabolism. Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and RNA modifications, enable plants to dynamically and heritably adjust gene expression in response to environmental stressors. These mechanisms not only help plants survive immediate stress but also confer stress memory, enhancing their resilience to future HS events. This review explores the mechanisms underlying plant thermotolerance, emphasizing the critical role of epigenetic regulation in adapting to HS. It also highlights how DNA methylation modulates stress-responsive genes, histone modifications facilitate transcriptional memory, and RNA modifications influence mRNA stability and translation. Recent advancements in genome editing technologies, such as CRISPR-Cas9, have enabled precise modifications of epigenetic traits, offering new avenues for breeding climate-resilient crops. The integration of these modern tools with traditional breeding methods holds significant promise for developing crops with enhanced thermotolerance. Despite the potential, challenges such as the stability and heritability of epigenetic marks and the complex interplay between different epigenetic modifications need to be addressed. Future research should focus on elucidating these interactions and identifying reliable epigenetic markers for selection. By leveraging the insights gained from epigenetic studies, we can develop innovative breeding strategies to improve crop resilience and ensure sustainable agricultural productivity in the face of global warming. This review underscores the importance of epigenetic regulation in plant adaptation to heat stress and its potential to revolutionize crop breeding, offering a pathway to secure food production and sustainability under changing climatic conditions.

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are an increasingly serious public health concern, as strains emerge that demonstrate resistance to almost all available treatments. One factor that contributes to the crisis is the adaptive ability of bacteria, which exhibit remarkable phenotypic and gene expression heterogeneity in order to gain a survival advantage in damaging environments. This high degree of variability in gene expression across biological populations makes it a challenging task to identify key regulators of bacterial adaptation. Here, we research the regulation of adaptive resistance by investigating transcriptome profiles of Escherichia coli upon adaptation to disparate toxins, including antibiotics and biofuels. We locate potential target genes via conventional gene expression analysis as well as using a new analysis technique examining differential gene expression variability. By investigating trends across the diverse adaptation conditions, we identify a focused set of genes with conserved behavior, including those involved in cell motility, metabolism, membrane structure, and transport, and several genes of unknown function. To validate the biological relevance of the observed changes, we synthetically perturb gene expression using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-dCas9. Manipulation of select genes in combination with antibiotic treatment promotes adaptive resistance as demonstrated by an increased degree of antibiotic tolerance and heterogeneity in MICs. We study the mechanisms by which identified genes influence adaptation and find that select differentially variable genes have the potential to impact metabolic rates, mutation rates, and motility. Overall, this work provides evidence for a complex nongenetic response, encompassing shifts in gene expression and gene expression variability, which underlies adaptive resistance. IMPORTANCE Even initially sensitive bacteria can rapidly thwart antibiotic treatment through stress response processes known as adaptive resistance. Adaptive resistance fosters transient tolerance increases and the emergence of mutations conferring heritable drug resistance. In order to extend the applicable lifetime of new antibiotics, we must seek to hinder the occurrence of bacterial adaptive resistance; however, the regulation of adaptation is difficult to identify due to immense heterogeneity emerging during evolution. This study specifically seeks to generate heterogeneity by adapting bacteria to different stresses and then examines gene expression trends across the disparate populations in order to pinpoint key genes and pathways associated with adaptive resistance. The targets identified here may eventually inform strategies for impeding adaptive resistance and prolonging the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment.

Adaptive regulation of amino acid transport across the cell membrane in avian and mammalian tissues

Objectives This study aimed to analyze the relationship between pre-service early childhood teachers' empathic ability, interpersonal relationship skills, and adaptive emotional regulation strategies. Additionally, it sought to in-vestigate the impact of pre-service early childhood teachers' empathic ability and interpersonal relationship skills on adaptive emotional regulation strategies. Furthermore, the purpose was to illuminate the mediating effect of interpersonal relationship skills in the relationship between empathic ability and adaptive emotional regulation strategies. Methods A total of 175 pre-service early childhood teachers enrolled in the Early Childhood Education Department of a 2-year college located in Seoul were surveyed regarding their empathic ability, interpersonal relationship skills, and adaptive emotional regulation strategies. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 software to compute Pearson's r and conduct regression analysis. Results First, it was found that there were significant correlations among pre-service early childhood teachers' empathic ability, interpersonal relationship skills, and adaptive emotional regulation strategies. Second, empathic ability and interpersonal relationship skills emerged as predictors of adaptive emotional regulation strategies. Third, in terms of the impact of empathic ability on adaptive emotional regulation strategies, interpersonal rela-tionship skills were found to have a partial mediating effect. Conclusions The enhancement of empathic ability and interpersonal relationship skills suggests the potential to increase the utilization of adaptive emotional regulation strategies among pre-service early childhood teachers. This implies providing insights for the development of programs aimed at enhancing pre-service early childhood teachers' empathic ability and interpersonal relationship skills, ultimately enabling them to utilize adaptive emo-tional regulation strategies.

To investigate self-reported barriers to fatigue management among patients with breast cancer in Chinaandexplore the associations among barriers to fatigue management, self-disclosure, and adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies. A cross-sectional study was conducted from July to December 2024 among 224 patients with breast cancer at Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital in Yantai, Shandong Province, China. Participants voluntarily completed surveys using a demographic questionnaire, theRevised Piper Fatigue Scale, the Barriers to Fatigue Management Questionnaire, the Distress Disclosure Index, and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 24.0 software. Patients with breast cancer scored 73.24 21.20 on cancer-related barriers to fatigue management and 35.94 8.75 on self-disclosure. Adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies scored 66.85 11.79. Barriers to fatigue management were negatively correlated with both self-disclosure (r = - 0.691, p < 0.001) and adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (r = - 0.696, p < 0.001). Self-disclosure was positively correlated with adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (r = 0.658, p < 0.001). Self-disclosure was significantly and directly associated with barriers to fatigue management (β = - 0.338, p = 0.009). The indirect pathway through adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (β = - 0.380, p < 0.001) accounted for 52.93% of the total association between self-disclosure and barriers to fatigue management. Both self-disclosure and adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies were negatively correlated with barriers to fatigue management. Self-disclosure and adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies can be predictors of barriers to fatigue management. Adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies function as a partial mediator, substantially accounting for the association between self-disclosure and barriers to fatigue management.

Although some researchers consider automatic adaptive emotion regulation to be an automatized strategy whereas others consider it to be implicit disengagement of deliberative process, to date, its neural correlates have been poorly investigated. In addition, the valence specificity of automatic adaptive emotion regulation and levels of activation relative to the neutral condition are controversial; the former is relevant to the attribution of resilient emotion regulation to positivity bias or emotional stability, and the latter to determining whether regulation is based on emotion-specific or emotion-non-specific processes. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we presented positive and negative emotional pictures to healthy young participants and investigated the neural correlates of automatic adaptive emotion regulation in spontaneous emotional response. A significant negative trait effect (i.e., regression coefficient) on activation was identified both for positive and negative emotional responses in various cortical regions. A cluster analysis identified three clusters among these regions based on the valence specificity of the trait effect and level of activation relative to neutral stimuli. Cluster 1 included regions in the sensorimotor cortex characterized by negative emotion-specific decreases in activation relative to neutral stimuli in adaptive individuals. Cluster 2 included several cortical regions including the bilateral dorsal executive network, anterior cingulate, and inferior frontal gyrus, which were characterized by valence-independent decreases in activation in adaptive individuals. Cluster 3 included the bilateral ventrolateral and dorsomedial prefrontal cortices, right insula, and other posterior regions, which were characterized by increased activation for negative stimuli in non-adaptive individuals. These findings support the assumption that automatic adaptive emotion regulation involves the implicit disengagement of deliberative process and suggest the relevance of different cortical networks to the potential emotion- and valence-specificity of adaptive regulation.

Why do some people routinely respond to emotional difficulty in ways that foster resilience, while others habitually engage in responses associated with deleterious consequences over time? This study examined relations between emotion controllability beliefs and goals for emotion regulation (ER) with peoples' multivariate profile of cognitive ER strategy use. Cluster analysis classified 481 university students (81% female) as adaptive, maladaptive, or low regulators based on their multivariate profile of engagement in five adaptive and four maladaptive cognitive ER strategies. A discriminant function analysis predicting the multivariate profiles supported that lower emotion controllability beliefs and lower performance-avoidance goals for ER significantly distinguished maladaptive regulators from adaptive regulators. Moreover, lower learning, performance-avoidance, and performance-approach goals for ER significantly distinguished low regulators from maladaptive and low regulators. Taken together, findings support that emotion-related beliefs and goals may help to clarify why some people habitually engage in more adaptive patterns of cognitive ER in response to negative life events than others.

This paper explores how current 'patient safety' reforms offer to change the regulation of medicine. Drawing on existing literature, it is argued that this policy agenda represents a new frontier in medical/managerial relations, introducing a disciplinary expertise within the health service that provides managers with the knowledge and legitimacy to survey and scrutinise medical performance, made real through procedures for incident reporting and root-cause analysis. The extent of regulatory change is investigated, drawing on an ethnographic case study of one hospital. It is shown that, as with other organisational and managerial reforms, doctors are resisting managerial prerogatives through seeking to subvert and 'capture' components of reform. I describe this as 'adaptive regulation' to account for how doctors seek to maintain their regulatory monopoly and limit managerial encroachment. It is speculated, however, that this process could signal the future 'modernisation' of medical professionalism where emerging managerial discourses, within the wider context of public sector reform, are increasingly internalised with medical practice and culture. This leads to new and rearticulated forms of self-surveillance, self-management or 'governmentality', ultimately negating the need for external groups to explicitly manage or regulate professional practice.

An Adaptive VSS Regulator for Multivariable Nonminimum-Phase Systems Based on Doubly Coprime Factorization

Static VAR compensators have been installed in power systems primarily to function in the steady state regulation of voltage levels or reactive power flows. More recently however there has been much interest in utilizing these devices to improve the dynamic performance of power systems. This paper presents an adaptive linear quadratic Gaussian control strategy for static var systems to enhance power system damping and stability. The control strategy uses only local information to dampen oscillatory modes present in the network. The controller calculates an appropriate value of VAr unit susceptance to present to the network at each sampling instant. The calculation of the appropriate susceptance value is based on a reduced-order model of the power system which is obtained on-line by a least squares identification procedure. The controller consists of three main components: an identifier, an adaptive observer, adn an adaptive LQG regulator. The identifier users a recursive least squares type of algorithm to fit a linear, discrete transfer function model to a sequence of input and output signals obtained from the power system. This results in a reduced-order approximation to the actual power system. For this study, VAr unit susceptance is used as the input signal and bus frequency deviation is used as the output signal. The coefficients of the identified transfer function are then sent to both the adaptive observer and the adaptive regulator. The observer is an observable-cannonical representation of the system and it calculates a state vector representing system dynamics.

COVID-related loneliness moderates associations between latent profiles of emotion regulation and mental health