Abstract
This paper aims to present research findings on psychological symptoms and coping strategies concerning the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel. The aim of the study was to compare distress levels and coping strategies among Israeli citizens during the first (W1) and third (W3) COVID-19 waves, hypothesizing that distress and concern about contracting the virus would decline over time, reflecting more adaptive coping strategies. A cross-sectional study using online surveys involved two groups of Israelis (n=558 in W1 and n=501 in W3). Higher levels of distress and concern about contracting the virus were found among W3 participants compared to W1. Regression analysis indicated that female sex, financial concerns, and younger age were predictors of distress. Emotion-focused coping was lower in W3 but more strongly associated with distress than in W1, while problem-focused coping increased. The findings highlight the need to support individuals before future lockdowns to reduce distress. Vulnerable groups, such as females, younger individuals, and those with financial concerns, require targeted interventions during ongoing and future public health crises.
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