Adaptation and validation of Spanish version of the Inpatient Dignity Scale in hospitalized patients: a psychometric study

Professional socialization is a critical process that influences hospital nurses' professional identity, competence, and ethical standards, ultimately impacting the quality of patient care. This study aimed to translate the Professional Socialization Scale (PSS) for Hospital Nurses into Persian and evaluate its psychometric properties among Iranian nurses. A cross-sectional methodological study was conducted in two phases: translation and psychometric evaluation. A stratified sample of 511 nurses from both public and private hospitals in Kermanshah City, Iran, participated in the study. The scale was translated into Persian using the Douglas and Craig model, and its content and face validity were assessed. Construct validity was evaluated through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The internal consistency of the scale was assessed using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients, while test-retest reliability was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The PSS scale maintained the meaning of the original English version and was clear and understandable for hospital nurses. In qualitative face validity, one item changed slightly and all items were retained in the quantitative face validity assessment. Each item's content validity ratio ranges from 0.71 to 1, the Item content validity index ranges from 0.79 to 1, while the Scale-level Content Validity Index was 0.89. The EFA and CFA confirmed a four-factor structure of the Persian version of the scale, with 21 items explaining 67.72% of the total variance. The model fit indices indicated excellent model fit. The scale demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.908, McDonald's omega = 0.904) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.908). The Persian version of the PSS for Hospital Nurses is a valid and reliable instrument. Nursing managers should facilitate the professional socialization process for nurses. This scale can be used to assess the socialization of nurses and guide their career development.

This study was conducted to culturally adapt the Epilepsy-Related Apathy Scale in Adults with Epilepsy (E-RAS) to Turkish and to assess its psychometric properties in adult epilepsy patients. A total of 172 epilepsy patients receiving care at the Neurology clinic and outpatient clinic of Fırat University Hospital from February to July 2023 were included in this methodological investigation. The E-RAS was translated into Turkish, and its content and construct validity were thoroughly examined. Construct validity was assessed through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Reliability was evaluated through item analyses, internal consistency analysis, composite reliability coefficient, and mean explained variance analysis. The factor loadings of the scale items ranged from 0.66 to 0.89. The fit index values of the scale were X2 = 467.09, df = 245 (p <0.05), X2/df = 1.9, RMSEA = 0.073, CFI = 0.97, RMR = 0.046, SRMR = 0.057, TLI = 0.97, and AIC = 557.09. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the sub-dimensions of the scale ranged from 0.880 to 0.992, and the total Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.928. The total McDonald's omega coefficient was 0.916, and the McDonald's omega coefficients of the sub-dimensions ranged from 0.880 to 0.947. The Turkish form of the 24-item and 4-sub-dimensional scale was validated without any changes to the original scale form. The Turkish adaptation of E-RAS is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring apathy in adult epilepsy patients. Its use in clinical practice is strongly recommended. The E-RAS scale can be used to assess apathy in adults with epilepsy. The was determined that the adapted Turkish form had a similar structure to the original scale. It was determined that the E-RAS scale is valid and reliable in Turkish culture. The fact that the Turkish adaptation of the scale is similar to the original structure and other adapted cultures is a factor that facilitates its use and acceptance in international comparisons. The scale can be used to assess apathy in adults with epilepsy.

Cross cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the Indonesian version of the depression anxiety stress scales for youth (IDASS-Y)

This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Farsi version of the Electroconvulsive Therapy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire (ERAQ). This methodological study was conducted among patients undergoing or with a history of Electro Convulsive Therapy (ECT) in Mashhad, Iran, during 2024-2025. Data were collected using a demographic profile form and the ERAQ. The questionnaire was translated into Farsi using the forward-backward translation method, and its face and content validity were assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively. To evaluate construct validity, exploratory factor analysis (n = 150) and confirmatory factor analysis (n = 150) were performed. Convergent validity was examined using Composite Reliability and Average Variance Extracted values, while discriminant validity was assessed through the Heterotrait-Monotrait ratio. Reliability was determined by estimating internal consistency through Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients. During exploratory factor analysis, item 9 was removed because its factor loading was less than 0.30, and the remaining 16 items were distributed across three factors: life disruption, socio-physical disruption, and memory disruption, which collectively explained 45% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a good fit for the proposed model. All composite reliability, maximum reliability, and heterotrait-monotrait ratios supported the convergent and discriminant validity of the ERAQ. Additionally, Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients confirmed the acceptable internal consistency of the Farsi version of the ERAQ. Based on the findings of this study, the Farsi version of the ERAQ demonstrates sufficient validity and reliability to assess anxiety symptoms associated with ECT in the Iranian population.

Antecedentes. El Índice de Bienestar (WHO-5) es un instrumento para medir bienestar general o síntomas depresivos en diferentes contextos y poblaciones. No obstante, el desempeño psicométrico de los instrumentos necesita revisión periódica. Objetivo. Revisar algunos indicadores del desempeño psicométrico del WHO-5, dimensionalidad y consistencia interna, en adolescentes escolarizados de Santa Marta, Colombia. Se diseñó un estudio metodológico en el que participaron 1.462 estudiantes de décimo y undécimo grado de colegios oficiales y privados, quienes diligenciaron el WHO-5. Se incluyeron estudiantes entre 13 y 17 años (M=16,0; DE=0,8), 60,3% de sexo femenino, y 55,3% de décimo grado. Se calculó la consistencia interna mediante los coeficientes de alfa de Cronbach y omega de McDonald y se llevó a cabo un análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) para corroborar la dimensionalidad. La consistencia interna mostró valores alfa de y omega de McDonald de 0,82. En el AFC se corroboró la estructura unidimensional del WHO-5 al observarse indicadores de bondad de ajuste dentro de los parámetros esperados (chi cuadrado=34,41; gl=5; p=0,001; RMSEA=0,063 (IC90% 0,044-0,084); CFI=0,988; TLI=0,975 y SRMR=0,018). El WHO-5 muestra alta consistencia interna y estructura unidimensional para la exploración de bienestar general en adolescentes escolarizados. Se necesita corroborar estos hallazgos en poblaciones con otras características demográficas.

This study aimed to translate, cross-culturally adapt, and validate the CDPQOL questionnaire, a coeliac disease (CD)-specific paediatric health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instrument (CDPQOL), in Spanish children with CD. The CDPQOL questionnaire has two versions for children aged 8-12 and 13-18. Translation and linguistic validation were performed following an international consensus process. Internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients, and convergent validity was assessed with average variance extracted (AVE). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA), when necessary, were carried out to assess the construct validity. A total of 235 children were included. In the 8-12 age group, a change in the distribution of items to a new structure of three dimensions (negative emotions, food feelings and social interaction) was required. In this new model, CFA supported the fit of the model (χ2/gl = 1.79, RMSEA = 0.077 (IC 95% 0.05-0.100), CFI = 0.969, TLI 0.960, SRMR = 0.081) and Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients were > 0.7 in all three dimensions. In the 13-18 age group, CFA showed that all fit indexes were acceptable (χ2/gl = 1.702, RMSEA = 0.102 (IC 95% 0.077-0.127), p < 0.001, CFI = 0.956, TLI = 0.947, SRMR = 0.103) and Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients were > 0.7 in all three dimensions, except for uncertainty dimension. Conclusions: The Spanish version of the CDPQOL questionnaire is a useful instrument to assess quality of life in coeliac children whose native language was Spanish spoken in Spain, with changes in item distribution in the younger age group questionnaire. What is Known: • The first specific questionnaire for coeliac children, Dutch Coeliac Disease Questionnaire (CDDUX), which focuses on diet, was translated into Spanish and validated allowing to evaluate the HRQoL of Spanish coeliac children. • Spanish Children and parents feel the disease had no substantial negative impacts on patient HRQoL using this questionnaire, similar to that observed with other countries. What is New: • The age specific for CD children (CDPQOL) was elaborated in the USA and focuses on other aspects not evaluated by CDDUX such as emotional and social issues related to living with CD. • The CDPQOL was translated into Spanish and validated allowing it to be used to assess Spanish coeliac children's QoL.

BackgroundEducational leadership plays a crucial role in the development of nursing students, significantly enhancing their clinical skills and preparing them to lead advancements in healthcare. This comprehensive educational approach ensures that nursing students are well-equipped to address contemporary healthcare challenges effectively.AimThis study aimed to translate the Educational Leadership Scale for Nursing Students into Persian and evaluate its psychometric properties among Iranian nursing students.MethodsThis cross-sectional methodological study was conducted in two phases: translation and cultural adaptation, followed by psychometric evaluation. After obtaining permission from the original scale developer, the scale was translated into Persian using the Pilot and Yang model. Face and content validity were assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Construct validity was evaluated through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). A convenience sample of 469 nursing students from nursing faculties in Kermanshah Province, Iran, completed the questionnaire. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients. Test–retest reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) in a subsample of 47 nursing students.ResultsExploratory and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the three-factor structure of the Persian version of the instrument, with 19 items accounting for 63.80% of the total variance. The model fit was excellent, as shown by the CFI, GFI, TLI, RMSEA, and SRMR values. The scale demonstrated acceptable internal consistency reliability, with Cronbach's alpha at 0.924 and McDonald's omega at 0.923. The ICC for the total score was 0.924 (95% CI: 0.910–0.936).ConclusionThe results of the present study indicate that the Persian version of the Educational Leadership Scale for Nursing Students possesses acceptable psychometric properties. The results of face, content, and construct validity, along with reliability indices (including internal consistency and test–retest reliability), indicate that this instrument is an effective tool for evaluating educational leadership characteristics among Iranian nursing students. However, to further confirm the validity and reliability of this scale, future studies with larger and more diverse samples of nursing students, including those in clinical settings, are recommended. Furthermore, examining the criterion validity and discriminant validity of this instrument could contribute to a better understanding of its psychometric characteristics.

(1) Background: Parents of children with autism spectrum disorders often experience psychological distress, which can affect the quality of childcare they provide. It is crucial to screen for psychiatric symptoms among these parents. The core symptom index (CSI) is a widely recognized tool used to assess general symptoms, including depression, anxiety, and somatic issues. It has proven validity and reliability across diverse Thai populations. Given the cultural similarities between Thai and Chinese populations, the CSI has been successfully implemented within the Chinese population. Nevertheless, it is crucial to research its validity and reliability in the general Chinese population. This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the CSI among parents of children with autism spectrum disorders using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). (2) Methods: A total of 794 Chinese parents raising children with autism participated in this study. All completed the CSI, along with the social inhibition subscale of the Interpersonal Problems Inventory and the Couple Satisfaction Index. Factorial validity was assessed using CFA to determine how well the bifactor three-factor model fits the data. Various structural models were compared using model fit indices. Convergent and discriminant validity were examined by exploring correlations with the social inhibition subscale and the Couple Satisfaction Index. Invariance testing of the CSI was conducted across multiple groups based on gender, age, and education using CFA. The reliability of the CSI was evaluated using McDonald's omega coefficients. (3) Results: The bifactor model emerged as the best-fitting model for the data, suggesting that the total score of the CSI adequately represents overall psychiatric symptoms. The CSI exhibited significant correlations with the social inhibition subscale (r = 0.41, p < 0.01) and smaller correlation coefficients with the Couple Satisfaction Index (r = -0.16, p < 0.05), indicating both convergent and discriminant validity. The invariant test results support scalar invariance levels based on gender and age but only partial invariance for education. The Chinese version of the CSI demonstrated high consistency, with McDonald's omega coefficients ranging between 0.86 and 0.95. (4) Conclusions: The bifactor model of the Chinese version of the CSI is validated, making it a suitable tool for measuring depression, anxiety, and somatization symptoms among parent(s) of children with autism spectrum disorders. Further research on other Chinese populations is encouraged.

AimStudent's uncivil behaviour is one of the most common problems in the educational setting, including nursing schools. It is essential to develop tools for measuring the uncivil behaviour of nursing students to solve this problem. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate psychometric properties of perceived nursing student's incivility questionnaire among the Iranian community.DesignIn this methodological study, perceived nursing student's incivility questionnaire was completed by 360 nursing students and 121 nursing faculty members.MethodsSampling was done from October 2019–November 2019. Content and construct validity of the questionnaire were evaluated. Reliability was estimated using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients and composite reliability. The construct validity of nursing student's perceived incivility was investigated by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses.ResultsContent validity index 0.88 for the whole instrument. The three factors of violent behaviours, irresponsible behaviours and unsound behaviours explained more than 51.485% of the variance. Factor structure extracted using model fit indices (PCFI = 0.763, PNFI = 0.732, CMIN/DF = 2.501, RMSEA = 0.056, GFI = 0.941, AGFI = 0.918, CFI = 0.935) and convergent validity were also confirmed. Internal consistency and composite reliability were estimated to be more than 0.7. The results showed that Iranian perceived nursing student's incivility questionnaire is a three‐dimensional construct with good validity and reliability.

BackgroundMost medical organizations accept many nursing students each year who gain clinical practice skills under the supervision of clinical nurses. However, there are no assessment tools to measure the contributions nursing students make to the clinical setting during clinical practicum. This study aimed to translate the 'Nursing Student Contributions to Clinical Settings' scale into Chinese and test its reliability and validity from the perspective of Chinese clinical nurses. And to explore whether nurses' personal and professional characteristics are related to nurses' perception of nursing students' contributions to the clinical settings.MethodsThe original scale was translated into Chinese following the Brislin translation model. A convenience sample of 935 clinical nurses was selected from January to March 2024 for the survey. The content validity of the scale was assessed by expert consultation and content validity index. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed to assess the construct validity of the scale. The reliability of the scale was measured using internal consistency, split-half reliability, and test–retest reliability. The measurement quality of the scales was assessed according to the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments. One-way analysis of variance was used to identify variables related to students’ contributions.ResultsThe content validity index of the scale was 0.983. Exploratory factor analysis supported a one-factor structure, and the cumulative variance contribution was 71.177%. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit indicators were all within the acceptable range. The McDonald's Omega coefficient and Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the scale were 0.983. Nurses perceive that nursing students' contribution to the clinical settings is influenced by nurses' personal characteristics, professional characteristics, and the hospital environment.ConclusionThe Chinese version of the Nursing Student Contributions to Clinical Settings scale has good reliability and validity and can effectively and reliably measure the contributions of Chinese nursing students to clinical settings.

Background Validated instruments are limited in the literature to assess the infodemic management capacity of the healthcare professionals. This methodological study aimed to develop and validate a scale for measuring the infodemic management capacity of the healthcare professionals. Methods The study was conducted between September 2024 and April 2025 with a total of 495 healthcare professionals working at a university hospital in Ankara, Türkiye. The participants were divided into two groups for Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) (n = 250) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) (n = 245). Expert opinions were obtained to evaluate the content validity of the scale. Construct validity was assessed through EFA and CFA. Reliability was examined using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients. The discriminatory power of the items was examined via corrected item-total correlations. Comparisons between the upper and lower 27% groups were conducted. The study was approved by the university's research ethics committee. Results Of the participants, 71.7% were female. Physicians comprised 65% of the sample, followed by nurses (23%) and other healthcare professionals (12%). EFA revealed a four-factor structure with 20 items, explaining 54% of the total variance. The factors were labeled as follows: Listening to the Community (3 items), Supporting Communication (5 items), Building Resilience (6 items), and Engaging and Empowering Communities (6 items). Both first- and second-order CFA supported this structure, indicating acceptable model fit. Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients for each factor exceeded .70 (range: .71-.92). All items demonstrated adequate discriminatory power, with corrected item-total correlations above .30. Additional analysis confirmed measurement invariance across genders. Conclusions The scale is an instrument that produces valid and reliable measures and that can be used to determine health professionals’ infodemic management capacity. Key messages • Assessing the infodemic management capacity of the health professionals is a need. • The scale provides valid and reliable measures, making it a valuable tool for assessing health professionals’ infodemic management capacity.

This study was conducted to examine the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Public Stigma of Stroke Scale (PSSS). The stigma perceived by patients who have had stroke affects the quality of life as well as many health-related factors. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the society's stigmatization of the stroke patient and to reveal the differences related to stroke in different cultures. This study is methodological research. This study was conducted with 410 individuals aged 18 and over. The data were collected by using descriptive information form and PSSS. The data were evaluated by using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's Omega reliability, composite reliability, mean variance extracted and test-retest analysis. Factor load values of the scale items were found to vary between 0.585 and 0.904. The fit index values in the scale were found as X2/df = 2.42, < 0.001, CFI = 0.934, TLI = 0.928, SRMR = 0.042 and RMSEA = 0.059. It was found that Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the factors of the scale ranged between 0.916 and 0.946, and the total Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.897. Total McDonald's omega coefficient was found to be 0.897, and McDonald's omega coefficients of the factors were found to be between 0.921 and 0.951. Total composite reliability was found to be 0.981, and total mean variance extracted was found to be 0.740. It was found that the Turkish version of the 33-item and four-factor scales was confirmed without any changes in the original scale form. Turkish version of PSSS is a valid and reliable measurement tool for the evaluation of the stigmatization of stroke patients by the public and for use in clinical practice.

Pelvic floor disorders (PFDs), as a silent alert, is one of the pervasive debilitating health concerns among women all over the world, such that in developed countries, one in four women, suffers from PFDs. Validity and reliability of the Australian Pelvic Floor Questionnaire (APFQ) has not been determined in Iran, so to determine APFQ’s psychometric characteristics, we decided to conduct this study on women of reproductive age in Tabriz city, Iran. This methodological cross-sectional study was intended to determine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the APFQ-IR in 5 steps including “translation process, content validity, face validity, construct validity (exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and examination of ceiling and floor effects) and reliability” on 400 reproductive age women referring to health centers in Tabriz city, Iran, with cluster random sampling method in the period between May 2022 to September 2022. The translation process was done based on two approaches, Dual panel, and Beaton et al.’s five steps. Then, in order to evaluate content validity, face validity, and construct validity, 10 instrument and PFDs experts, 10 women from the target group investigated the instrument's items, and 400 eligible women completed the instrument. Finally, to determine the reliability, two internal consistency methods, (Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega) and test–retest method (ICC) were used. In the present study, content validity assessment of APFQ-IR, showed a good level of validity (CVR = 0.96, CVI = 0.94). To assess construct validity, exploratory factor analysis results on 36 items, led to the identification of 4 factors including bladder function, bowel function, prolapse symptom and sexual function, which explained 45.53% of the cumulative variance and indicated the sufficiency of the sample size (Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin = 0.750). Implementing confirmatory factor analysis, (RMSEA = 0.08, SRMR = 0.08, TLI = 0.90, CFI = 0.93, χ2/df = 3.52) confirmed the model fit indices. Finally the internal consistency and reliability was high for the entire instrument (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.85; McDonald's omega (95% CI) = 0.85 (0.83–0.87) and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (95% CI) = 0.88 (0.74–0.94)). The Persian version of the APFQ-IR, has a good validity and reliability and has acceptable psychometric properties, thus can be used both for research purposes and for clinical evaluation of pelvic floor disorders symptoms in health centers.

The current study tested the one-dimensionality of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Suicidal Ideation (CES-D-SI) and its reliability among high school students in Santa Marta, Colombia. A total of 1,462 tenth and eleventh-grade students from public and private schools completed the CES-D-SI. The students were between 13 and 17 years (M = 16.0, SD = 0.8), 60.3% were female, and 55.3% were in the tenth grade. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted, and the chi-square, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), comparative fit index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis index (TLI), and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) statistics were calculated. The internal consistency of the dimension was calculated using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients. The results of the CFA were as follows: chi-square = 26.51, df =2, p = .001; RMSEA = .092; 90% confidence interval = .063-.124; CFI = .983; TLI = .950; and SRMR = .019. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was .75, and McDonald's omega coefficient was .77. As conclusions, the scale exhibited a unidimensional structure similar to that in other studies and presented good reliability values. Hence, its use is recommended to screen suicidal ideation in school-aged adolescents in Santa Marta, Colombia.

Anxiety disorder is one of the most common mental disorders. This cross-sectional research aimed to determine anxiety literacy (A-Lit) psychometric properties among the Iranian population in 2022. This research was conducted on 690 people in Iran in 2022. In this study, people were selected by proportional stratified sampling, and the validity and reliability of the A-Lit designed by Griffiths were assessed. Validity of A-Lit was assessed by face validity, content validity, and confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability of A-Lit was evaluated by the McDonald's omega coefficient, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and test- retest. In analytical sections, the tests of One-way ANOVA, Chi-squared test, and independent samples t-test were used. The rates of S-CVI/Ave and CVR for A-Lit were 0.922 and 0.774, respectively. In confirmatory factor analysis, three items were deleted because the factor loading was less than 0.4, and goodness-of-fit indexes (Some of goodness-of-fit indexes: χ2/df = 4.175, GFI: 0.909, RMSEA = 0.068, PCFI = 0.745, AGFI = 0.883) were confirmed as the final model with 19 items. For all items, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.832, the McDonald's omega coefficient was 0.835, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.874. According to the results of this study, 1.3% (n = 9) did not answer any questions correctly and 8.4% (n = 58) were able to answer 1-6 questions correctly. Approximately 72% (n = 495) were able to answer 7-12 questions, and eventually only 18.6% (n = 128) were able to answer 13 questions and more. There was a significant relationship between sex, age group, occupation status, marital status, and get information related to mental illness with A-Lit level (p < 0.05). The Persian version of A-Lit was confirmed with 19 items, and this scale is a reliable tool for measuring A-Lit in the general population. The results also showed that a few people have a higher level of anxiety literacy and that educational and intervention programs need to be designed and implemented for the public population.