Adaptability of the High-Value Egg and Broiler Production in Sweden

Abstract
 The regression models were used for prediction of layer, broiler, egg and chicken meat production on the basis of last 20 years population; as well as wholesale price change for poultry products. The layer population at the commercial farms in Quetta shows a marked increase from 2001 (9.55 thousand birds) to 27.50 thousand birds in 2019; broiler production from 72.80 thousand birds in the year 2001 to 795 thousand birds in the year 2019; egg production from 201 thousand in the year 1991 to 5150 thousand in the year 2019; chicken meat production increased from 111772 metric tons in the year 1991 to 587000 metric tons in the year 2019.

The effects of welfare-enhancing system changes on the environmental impacts of broiler and egg production

This study examined the influence of climate variability on poultry production in Nigeria from 1990-2020. State the broad objective only. This study adopted the quasi-experimental research design. Secondary data were used in the study. The method employed for analyzing the time series data was the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. Pre-estimation diagnostics tests were employed to check for stationarity of the data. From the results of the Error Correction Models (ECM’s), average rainfall and Carbon dioxide emission have significant influence on poultry (egg and meat) production in Nigeria. A unit increase in average rainfall brought about -0.4% reduction in egg production, while a unit increase in carbon dioxide emission brought about a -0.27% reduction in egg production. Average rainfall had positive influence on broiler production a unit increase in rainfall increased broiler production by 0.41% and 0.52% at the current and two period lag, while carbon dioxide emission reduced broiler production by -0.16%. The study concluded that climate change do affect poultry production both negatively and positively and recommended that climate smart agricultural practices such as proper ventilation and vaccination should be applied in poultry production to mitigate the negative effects of climate change

The chicken industry of Pakistan is a major livestock sub-sector, playing a pivotal role in economic growth and rural development. This study aimed to characterize and map the structure of broiler and layer production systems, associated value chains, and chicken disease management in Pakistan. Qualitative data were collected in 23 key informant interviews and one focus group discussion on the types of production systems, inputs, outputs, value addition, market dynamics, and disease management. Quantitative data on proportions of commodity flows were also obtained. Value chain maps were generated to illustrate stakeholder groups and their linkages, as well as flows of birds and products. Thematic analysis was conducted to explain the functionality of the processes, governance, and disease management. Major chicken production systems were: (1) Environmentally controlled production (97–98%) and (2) Open-sided house production (2–3%). Broiler management systems were classified as (I) Independent broiler production; (II) Partially integrated broiler production; and (III) Fully integrated broiler production, accounting for 65–75, 15–20, and 10–15% of commercial broiler meat supply, respectively. The management systems for layers were classified as (I) Partially integrated layer production and (II) Independent layer production, accounting for 10 and 80–85% in the egg production, respectively. The share of backyard birds for meat and eggs was 10–15%. Independent, and integrated systems for chicken production could be categorized in terms of value chain management, dominance of actors, type of finished product and target customers involved. Integrated systems predominantly targeted high-income customers and used formal infrastructure. Numerous informal chains were identified in independent and some partially integrated systems, with middlemen playing a key role in the distribution of finished birds and eggs. Structural deficiencies in terms of poor farm management, lack of regulations for ensuring good farming practices and price fixing of products were key themes identified. Both private and public stakeholders were found to have essential roles in passive disease surveillance, strategy development and provision of health consultancies. This study provides a foundation for policy-makers and stakeholders to investigate disease transmission, its impact and control and the structural deficiencies identified could inform interventions to improve performance of the poultry sector in Pakistan.

Synopsis A mustard seed meal free of oxazolidinethione and three rapeseed meals of low (C), medium (D) and high (E) oxazolidinethione contents were included at a rate of 12% in the diets of laying birds and of broilers. The control diets contained a similar quantity of protein as soyabean meal. In each experiment a further control group was given a suitable commercial diet. The mustard seed meal and rapeseed meals D and E caused large and significant mortalities among laying birds. Macroscopic observations suggested that the main cause of death was probably liver haemorrhage. Egg production, after correction for mortality, was significantly decreased by rapeseed meals D and E, and egg weight by the mustard seed meal. There were no significant treatment effects on food intake and therefore the weight of food needed for each egg produced followed fairly closely the pattern of egg production. Overall egg production was depressed by mustard seed meal and by rapeseed meals D and E. Rapeseed meal C decreased pr...

Abstract. A survey was undertaken in 1996, by postal questionnaire sent to a stratified sample of 1500 pig producers in England and Wales; 576 (37%) responded. The survey provided data on manure production, manure storage and application strategies (timing, techniques and nutrient recycling to crops). Total pig manure production, in England and Wales is estimated to be at about 10.03 m t per year, with about 45% as slurry and 55% as FYM, according to this survey, where calculations have been based on undiluted outputs of excreta. About 45% of slurry is stored in above‐ground tanks or earth‐banked lagoons. Above‐ground tanks most commonly held an amount of slurry equivalent to 3–6 months production, but earth‐banked lagoons were more variable in capacity and over 20% could hold more than 9 months production of slurry. Annual statistics on fertilizer use indicate that farmers make little allowance for the nutrient content of manures. However, the results of this survey suggest that farmers generally make a genuine effort to allow for the nutrients applied, but that they currently fail to be assured by the advice available to them or their confidence is lacking for other technical reasons. Autumn represents the peak period for spreading, with 30% of slurry and 50% of FYM applied at that time.

Abstract. A survey of manure management practice was undertaken in 1996, by postal questionnaire submitted to a stratified sample of egg and broiler producers in England and Wales. Out of a target of 500 laying hen and 500 broiler (chickens produced for meat) production units in the survey sample, 356 (36%) returned questionnaires. The survey provided information on amount and type of manure production, manure storage and land application strategies (timing, techniques and awareness of nutrient content). Within the survey, no attempt was made to differentiate between organic and conventional production systems. About 45% of manure production was estimated to come from layer holdings, 55% from broiler litter. It was estimated that 70% of the national manure production is litter‐based and about 30% are droppings collected without litter. Sawdust/shavings are the most popular bedding material, with an average final depth of 100 mm for broilers and 140 mm on litter‐based layer units. Commonly, storage is available within housing for at least the length of the cropping cycle (6 weeks in broiler production, or 12 months in deep pit laying houses), around 60% of poultry manure is stored for a period following removal from the house, most commonly for 3‐6 months. Overall, autumn was the peak period for manure spreading, with over 40% of laying hen manure and 50% of broiler manure applied at that time. On grassland, spreading was reasonably evenly distributed throughout the year but autumn application was favoured for arable crops, especially before the establishment of cereals and root crops, overall, almost 50% of layer and broiler manure was applied in the autumn. In the survey, up to 10% of manures were claimed to be incorporated within a day of application and about 60% within a week of application, presumably because of concern about odour nuisance. Around 25% of poultry manure was applied by contractors. A high proportion of farmers ( c . 40% with layers, c . 60% with broilers) exported manures from their holdings, the proportion removed amounting to almost 90% on these farms. Although evidence elsewhere indicates that farmers make little allowance for manures in planning crop fertilizer inputs, the survey responses suggested that farmers do make an effort to allow for manures but that their confidence in the advice available to them is lacking, or they may have other technical reasons for not taking advantage of the manurial value. Information provided by the survey is of significant importance to policy makers (e.g. for the construction of environmental emissions inventories), researchers, consultants and farmers.

BackgroundPoultry industry is vital to the Indian economy, significantly contributing to agriculture and providing low-cost animal protein. India ranks third globally in egg production, with southern states like Tamil Nadu, a major hub for egg and broiler production. Workers in poultry farms face serious health hazards because of their physically demanding jobs, which include handling heavy loads and performing repetitive motions. Individuals with mental stress often experience higher frequencies of musculoskeletal pain. The physically demanding nature of these jobs exacerbates musculoskeletal pain and fatigue that can affect one's QOL and mental well-being.ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and fatigue and their associations with quality of life and mental health among poultry farm workers.MethodsAn observational study was conducted from May 2024 to July 2024, involving 369 poultry farm workers in southern Tamilnadu district. Data were collected using the Extended Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (Tamil version) to assess musculoskeletal pain, the Fatigue Assessment Scale to measure fatigue levels, the WHOQOL-BREF (Tamil version) to evaluate quality of life, and the GHQ-28 (Tamil version) to assess mental health status.ResultsChi-square analysis showed significant associations between pain and physical QoL (χ² = 203.08), psychological QoL (χ² = 125.25), and mental health (χ² = 196.59) (p < 0.05). Fatigue was also significantly associated with physical QoL (χ² = 22.80), psychological QoL (χ² = 8.03), and mental health (χ² = 26.71) (p < 0.05).ConclusionThis study highlights the high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and fatigue among poultry farm workers and their significant associations with QoL and mental health.

The growth in the broiler industry and the concomitant increase in the broiler litter generated out of these operations, coupled with increased environmental awareness, has resulted in increased interest by producers and scientists in uses for broiler litter. Long‐term land applications of broiler litter have resulted in a buildup of some nutrients in certain soils. Research results indicate that annual application rates of up to 4 ton/acre of litter are acceptable, but should be accompanied by annual soil testing. Broiler litter of adequate quality is acceptable as a livestock feed, provided the litter is properly processed prior to feeding. When used as a livestock feed, the ash level in litter is of concern due to its negative effects on the nutritive value (total digestible nutrients, TDN) of litter diets containing relatively high ash levels. Based on expected levels of performance, broiler litter‐based diets require varying levels of grain to meet the nutrient requirements of different classes of livestock. Broiler litter can be used as both fertilizer and livestock feed, and the combining of broiler production with a commercial beef operation represents an attractive integration of two enterprises.Research QuestionPoultry and egg production has increased 44% from 1982 to 1994 with broiler production accounting for approximately 92% of the total increase. The southeastern states of Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, and Mississippi account for 51% of the total broiler production in the USA. The 55 000 poultry houses in the USA annually generate 5.5 million tons of poultry litter, a potential environmental contaminant. Broiler litter has value in livestock operations both as fertilizer for pastures and as feed for beef animals and nonlactating dairy animals, provided precautions are taken.Literature SummaryBroiler litter has primarily been used as a fertilizer for pastures, providing approximately 58 lb N/ton, 48 lb P2O5/ton, and 37 lb K2O/ton. The slow release of the organically bound N component of broiler litter results in a fertilizer that is best suited to a season‐long grazing system by providing a relatively constant nutrient supply for growing forages. Certain soils receiving long‐term applications of broiler litter have shown a buildup of certain minerals, and annual application rates should not exceed 4 ton/acre.Broiler litter can also be used as a feed source for beef cattle and nonlactating dairy cattle. Processing prior to feeding is required to insure biological safety from bacterial pathogens present in raw broiler litter, and the possible presence of extraneous materials, such as nails and other hardware. Broiler litter can be mixed at varying levels with concentrate feeds to formulate a diet that provides for the production requirements of various classes of livestock.Applied QuestionsCan broiler litter be used as fertilizer for pastures?Broiler litter has been shown to supply nutrients to support grass production in pastures. Application rates of broiler litter not exceeding 4 tons/acre have been shown to cause less nutrient runoff than some commercial fertilization rates. Declining clover populations have been observed in some studies, while others report enhanced clover production following broiler litter applications.Can broiler litter be used as feed for livestock?Properly processed broiler litter (heat treated for biological safety and foreign material removal) can provide a major nutrient source for cattle. Cattle require an adaptation period to broiler litter‐based diets, so litter is usually mixed with concentrate feeds. Higher producing animals are generally fed diets with a lower percentage of broiler litter for greater digestible nutrient intake.What are some potential hazards with using broiler litter in a livestock operation?Excessive application rates of broiler litter (greater than 4 to/acre) on pastures can lead to a buildup of certain soil cations, and in extreme cases can result in nutrient runoff into streams and ponds. Application rates of 4 ton/acre of broiler litter should not be exceeded, and a soil test analysis should be conducted annually prior to litter applications.Broiler litter‐based diets require some supplemental hay to meet fiber requirements. Proper processing of broiler litter must occur prior to feeding to insure microbial safety (deep‐stacking) and include the removal of potentially dangerous foreign materials (nails, wire) from the litter. Cattle fed broiler litter or grazed on winter pastures fertilized with broiler litter can exhibit greater incidences of both milk fever and grass tetany, deficiencies of calcium and magnesium, respectively.RecommendationBroiler litter spread on pastures at rates not exceeding 4 ton/acre can be effective in promoting season‐long forage production with minimal environmental concerns. Pastures receiving broiler litter applications should be soil tested annually. Broiler litter intended to be fed to beef cattle must meet certain minimum nutritional requirements as well as being free from pathogens and foreign objects. Integrating broiler litter into livestock‐forage management systems is economically feasible and environmentally sound.

2 Abstract: The Indian poultry industry's success story is uniquely exceptional. From a backyard venture, it has made a quantum leap to emerge as a dynamic industry. Over the last three decades, there have been significant developments in the poultry industry with each decade focusing on different sectors. The seventies saw a spurt in egg production; the eighties an acceleration in broiler production; the nineties advances in poultry integration, automation and feed production. The present decade promises to exploit value added products and the global trade avenue. India is a developing country primarily has an agricultural economy. If agriculture blooms, the country prospers. Agriculture is a diversified subject covers such activities as farming, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery including agro-based industries in broader concept. Rural development improves the quality life of the weaker sections and gives way for participation and involvement of the masses in the process of decision making in economic and social life of society. They provide livelihood to and million of rural house holds in the sub marginal level both land less and small landholders. They prove to be the best way to alleviate rural poverty and reduce income disparities. Industrial sector depends on agriculture for their raw material and allied products. Poultry and egg are popular food articles of high nutritional value and so and major break through have been achieved in egg production and broiler stock. This due to integrated development of breeding feeding, marketing, health care and nutrition etc. Poultry farming by providing additional income to the agricultures helps them to earn more and helps the nation to develop without any wide disparities in the income.

In 2005-2011, in 46 administrative regions of the Russian Federation the monitoring of 223 poultry farms (broiler and egg production, and also the breeding farms) has been carried out to detect Avian Leukosis Virus (ALV) and antibodies to ALV subgroup J using PCR and ELISA. A total number of samples tested was more then 10,000. Antibodies to ALV and ALV subgroup J were identified at 90 and 70 % of examined farms (for broiler production as well as egg production), respectively. ALV subgroup J was found at breeding farms and egg farms (the Hysex, Rodonit, Ross 308 lines). Twelve Russian ALV field isolates have been obtained, and their molecular genetic properties were characterized. The field isolates formed two phylogenetic groups. In the first group the endogenous and exogenous recombinant VLP which are being isolated in the United States, China, France and Japan since 1993 are represented. The second phylogenetic group consists of ALV subgroup J isolates obtained in China, France and the United States. Each group contains the Russian isolates we obtained.

Accuracy of single-step genomic selection for egg production in yellow-feathered broilers using a random regression model.

The knowledge of probiotic spread widely, mainly after having been found some probiotics that can be used by animal. The result of research on the usage of some types of probiotics in rations of chicken give different influence on chicken productivity. Using probiotic starbio 0.25% in ration could increase the body weight of broiler up to 6 weeks of age and could increase the consumption of crude fibre up to 6% in the ration. Using probiotic starbio 0.25% in ration of layer could increase 19-26% eggs products and reduce feed conversion and water content in faeces and give additional income for the farmers as 44 up to 48%. Culture yeast as much as 0.2−0.3% is effective to add in rations of broiler 0−4 weeks of age. Lactobacillus acidophilus 2% and 4% in rations of layer may increase 5−11% of egg products and reduce feed conversion. It can be concluded that using probiotic in rations may increase the productivity of broiler, layer and native chickens. Key words: Probiotic, chicken diets, productivity of chicken

Context Heat stress poses a major limit to poultry production. Moringa stenopetala leaf meal (MSL) could be a promising feed additive for poultry raised under heat stress, as it is rich in antioxidants. Aims To determine the effect of (MSL) supplementation on the production and quality of broilers under heat-stress conditions. Methods In the broiler performance trial, 156 1-day old Cobb 500 broilers were assigned to four groups, with each containing three replicates of 13 chicks. For the egg production trial, 108 Bovan Brown layers aged 20 weeks were allocated to four groups, with each containing three replicates of nine hens. The four groups of broiler and layer chicken were supplemented with MSL at a level of 0% (control), 1% (MSL1), 1.5% (MSL1.5) and 2% (MSL2). Relative humidity, and minimum and maximum temperatures were 82%, 13°C and 23°C respectively. The effects of MSL supplementation on growth performance, characteristics of digestive organs, carcass traits, egg production and egg quality were analysed with one-way ANOVA. Key results Moringa stenopetala-leaf supplementation at a level up to 2% (MSL2) did not significantly affect feed intake, weight gain or feed conversion ratio of the birds. Supplemented broilers had a significantly longer large intestine (24% for MSL1, 37% for MSL1.5 and 49% for MSL2) and a heavier pancreas (82% for MSL1, 67% for MSL1.5, and 57% for MSL2) than did the control broilers. Hot and cold carcass weights, dressing yield, dressing percentage, breast-meat weight, drumstick and thigh-meat weights, wing-meat weight, back weight and meat pH were not significantly affected by MSL supplementation. Ash content of meat of the MSL2-fed birds was significantly higher than that of the control birds (3.51% vs 2.74% respectively). Egg production, feed conversion ratio and interior and exterior egg-quality parameters were not significantly affected by MSL supplementation. Intensity of yolk colour was significantly and linearly enhanced due to MSL supplementation (by ~5–8 times compared with the control). Conclusions Supplementation with MSL at a level up to 2% improved yolk colour of Bovan Brown layer eggs, with no effect on meat and egg production. Implications Yolk colour of eggs of layers raised under heat stress can be improved by MSL supplementation at 1%, with there being a minimum increase in the diet cost.

(1970). The Egg Industry in the 1970's. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 805-807.