Adaptability of living spaces during the basic design phase: case of the Colombian Ocean Patrol Vessel (Patrullera Oceánica Colombiana - POC)

User-Centred Design (UCD) methodologies have been increasingly used during the past decade to develop software applications and products that are tailored to the needs of individuals and allow for human computer interactions on emotional and psychological levels. UCD designers and developers need to have special abilities and training to design products that meet the demands of users. This paper presents novel techniques to identify talented aspiring designers in UCD methodologies. Twenty-three undergraduate students, studying at a research-intensive metropolitan Australian university, participated in this study. Participants completed a spatial ability test, answered personality trait questionnaires and performed a design activity. Our results indicate that students who score high in the imagination personality factor and spatial ability tests are talented aspiring UCD designers. The implication of our study is that talented students who can design using UCD methodologies can be identified early in their studies and they can benefit by receiving advanced training. Likewise the less talented students can be given extra tutoring as abilities are not immutable and, interest and persistence is important in achieving expertise.

The Library Information System has an unattractive interface. This is evidenced by the distribution of satisfaction questionnaires to a number of people from the IT Del community, including students, lecturers, and staff who think that the PI Del Library Information System user interface (SIPP) is less attractive so that users experience difficulties in carrying out activities in the system such as finding books that are wanted. SIPP User Interface redesign aims to improve the appearance of the user interface on the system. The purpose of this study was to redesign the user interface of the library information system, in accordance with User Centered Design (UCD) and improve the usability component of the standard user interface. s In this study the User-Centered Design (UCD) methodology was used in the process of redesigning the user interface. SIPP. In the UCD methodology, 3 iterations were carried out. Each iteration is carried out with 4 research stages. In the process of planning the human centered process, the user context is determined, in the specify the context of use stage, user needs are determined using personas, in the specify user and organizational requirements stage, an evaluation is carried out for users regarding the current system, in the produce design solution stage, it is carried out temporary design from the results of user-centered system evaluation, and the evaluate designs against user requirements stage is re-evaluated by users against the results of the temporary design in the form of wireframes and submitted a questionnaire as a form of assessment to compare each iteration. The new design is in the form of improving the page appearance of the PI Del Library Information System with a User Centered Design process. The UCD process is carried out with 3 iterations

Ship systems, such as the electrical distribution and thermal management systems, are larger, more complex, and more integrated than ever before due to the radical increase in electrical power used by new sensor and weapons systems, the resulting large thermal load placed on cooling systems, and the advances in integration of ship, mission and machinery control systems. Thus, there is a significant need for greater detail in ship system design to be provided earlier in the ship design process. Advances in computing capability over recent years allow an increase in detail of early-stage ship designs along with a simultaneous increase in the number of ship designs explored, facilitating design processes such as set-based design. This paper describes a body of work that provides a methodology for semi-automated design of ship systems, allowing the programmatic creation and analysis of ship systems under the guidance of the user, assembled from pre-designed templates and tailored to the ship design. We refer to this overall methodology as Templating. The ultimate goal is a software tool which takes as input a set of pre-designed system segments, termed templates, and integrates them into a fully functioning system model in a ship design, with all components appropriately sized and located. The resultant system model provides metrics such as size, weight and complexity. Further, the model is available for system simulation under various operational conditions to provide metrics such as efficiency and survivability while also allowing exploration of reconfigurability, reliability, maintainability, and a host of other “ilities.” The Templating process and software is fully integrated into the U.S. Navy’s early-stage design tool suite. The process for creating a fully functional ship system from templates requires several steps: Assembly of the templates into a logically connected system by copying relevant templates into the ship design and connecting them appropriately to one another. This yields a logically appropriate one-line diagram with components placed in an approximate geographic position within the ship. Determination of the capacity of each component. Since the templating capability facilitates the creation of ship systems from an assembly of parts or system sub-sections, it is not possible to determine the required capacity of each element of a system until the system is fully assembled with all loads and sources connected and placed in three-dimensional space. An algorithm has been developed to determine the maximum amount of energy handled by each component given any possible alignment of the system. Dimensioning of each component based on the capacity required. Physics-based sizing algorithms for a variety of component types are under exploration. Final placement of the components in three-dimensional space. A methodology for automatically arranging components in a ship design in a manner that eliminates overlaps, provides spacing between components, and minimizes connection length has been developed. This paper provides an overview of the templating process and the algorithms underlying each step, provides examples to elucidate the methodologies, and demonstrates that the functionality brought about by Templating advances automated system design in the early-stage ship design process.

Design Thinking is essential for user-centered cabin design concepts in future transportation vehicles, as it facilitates the identification of user needs, creative problem-solving and iterative development to ensure optimal user experiences and satisfaction. In the exploration of future air taxi cabins, user acceptance is widely recognized as a critical factor. To ensure a high level of acceptance for such concepts, the direct involvement of potential user groups in the early design process through user-centered design approaches, offers a highly effective solution to provide a time efficient and requirement-based concept development process for novel transportation concepts. In the course of developing digital and future aviation cabin concepts at the German Aerospace Center, the exploration of user-centered and acceptance-enhancing methods plays a central role. The challenge here is to identify the flexible range of requirements of different user groups for a previously non-existent transport concept, to translate these into a concept and to generate a rapid evaluation process by the user groups. Therefore, this paper aims to demonstrate the application of the user-centered Design Thinking method in the design of cabin for future air taxis. Based on the Design Thinking approach and its iterative process steps, the direct implementation is described on the combined airport shuttle and intracity UAM concept. The main focus is on the identification of key user requirements by means of a focus group study and the evaluation of initial cabin designs and key ideas by means of an online survey. Consequently, the creative design process of a digital prototype will be presented. In addition to an increased awareness and acceptance among the population towards a novel mode of transportation, the application of the Design Thinking methodology offers a flexible and user centered approach for further testing and simulation scenarios.

Digital human modelling (DHM) is discussed as a design tool in the context of user-centred design, with a focus on DHM usage for anthropometric analysis in occupant packaging tasks in the vehicle interior design process. References are made to concepts of inclusive design, user-centred design, design cognition and design methodology. Examples are presented to illustrate how DHM can be of great use to the vehicle designer, but also to show some of the difficulties involved. This includes the complexity in considering anthropometric variation of the targeted product users in multivariate design problems, such as the design of vehicle interiors and suggestions on how to deal with this difficulty in an industrial design setting. Overall, the paper takes a designer's view of DHM tools and illustrates how the tools can be of value in the design process, but also considers what implications this has on the functionality and usability of the tools.

The introduction of automated algorithmic processes (e.g. machine learning) in creative disciplines such as architecture and urban design has expanded the design space available for creativity and speculation. Contrary to previous algorithmic processes, machine learning models must be trained before they are deployed. The two processes (training and deployment) are separate and, crucially for this paper, the outcome of the training process is not a spatial object directly implementable but rather code. This marks a novelty in the history of the spatial design techniques which has been characterised by design instruments with stable properties determining the bounds of their implementation. Machine Learning models, on the other hand, are design instruments resulting from the training they undertake. In short, training a machine learning model has become an act of design. Beside spatial representation traditionally comprising of drawings, physical or CAD models, Machine Learning introduces an additional representational space: the vast, abstract, stochastic, multi-dimensional space of data, and their statistical correlations. This latter domain – broadly referred to as latent space – has received little attention by architects both in terms of conceptualising its technical organisation and speculating on its impact on design. However, the statistical operations structuring data in latent space offer glimpses of new types of spatial representations that challenge the existing creative processes in architectural and urban design. Such spatial representation can include non-human actors, give agency to a range of concerns that are normally excluded from urban design, expand the scales and temporalities amenable to design manipulation, and offer an abstract representation of spatial features based on statistical correlations rather than spatial proximity. The combined effect of these novelties that can elicit new types of organisation, both formally and programmatically. In order to foreground their potential, the paper will discuss the impact of ml models in conjunction with larger historical and theoretical questions underpinning spatial design. In so doing, the aim is not to abdicate a specificity of urban design and uncritically absorb computational technologies; rather, the creative process in design will provide a filter through which critically evaluate machine learning techniques. The paper tasks to conceptualise the potential of latent space design by framing it through the figure of the paradigm. Paradigms are defined by Thomas Kuhn as special members of a set which they both give rise to and make intelligible. Their ability to relate parts to parts not only resonates with the technical operations of ml models, but they also provide a conceptual space for designers to speculate different spatial organisation aided by algorithmic processes. Paradigms are not only helpful to conceptualise the use of ml models in urban design, they also suggest an approach to design that privileges perception over structure and curation over process. The creative process that emerges is one in ml models are speculative technical elements that can foreground relations between diverse datasets and engender an urbanism of relations rather than objects. The application of such algorithmic models to design will be supported by the research developed by students part of Research Cluster 14 part of the Master in Urban Design at The Bartlett School of Architecture in London.

The high maternal mortality rate in Indonesia has led the Indonesian government to develop a mobile application for maternal and child health (MCH). However, this application received a bad rating on the applications distribution platform, and even some of its features could not function properly. Therefore, this study aims to design the MCH application. This study used the user-centered design (UCD) methodology with three iterations and applied Shneiderman's eight golden rules. Participants involved in the data collection and evaluation process were health workers, health experts, and pregnant women. The first iteration's evaluation will produce a low-fidelity prototype (wireframe), whereas the second and third iteration's evaluations will produce a refined high-fidelity clickable prototype. The resulting prototype has several major features, including notes entry, information and education, reminders, a blood supplement tablet tracker, and monitoring of fetal development. Evaluation in the first iteration utilized interviews to validate the wireframe, whereas the second and third iterations utilized usability testing and system usability scale (SUS). In the second iteration, the final SUS score was 71.2, or "good," while in the third iteration, the final SUS score was 85.4, or "excellent." This research is expected to contribute to two areas: serving as a reference for pregnancy application interface designs, especially for MCH applications, as well as the improvement and development of pregnancy health applications using the UCD methodology.

This study aims to redesign Virtusee, an employee performance monitoring platform, using the User-Centered Design (UCD) methodology. Virtusee features functionalities such as leave requests, monthly performance tracking, and self-service payslip access. The application, last updated in 2014, was described by users as outdated and not aligned with current trends. Based on the System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire, the application scored 40, categorized as poor with a grade of F, indicating the need for significant improvements. Employing the UCD approach, this study prioritized user needs and preferences in the redesign process, following these stages: (1) defining the usage context, (2) identifying user and organizational requirements, (3) design and implementation, and (4) usability evaluation. Testing the new design involved users who had used Virtusee more than once in the past month. The testing scenarios included exploring the new design, completing SUS and QUIS (Questionnaire for User Interaction Satisfaction) surveys via Google Forms, and conducting brief interviews to gather suggestions and critiques. Data were collected through observation, interviews, literature review, and questionnaire dissemination. Results showed a significant improvement, with the SUS score increasing to 80.3, indicating acceptable usability. The QUIS evaluation revealed average scores ranging from 5.9 to 6.8 across various indicators, exceeding the expected median. These findings highlight that the UCD methodology is effective in designing applications that are more user-centered, enhancing productivity and user satisfaction. This study provides valuable insights for developers aiming to create applications that are not only functional but also adaptive to evolving user needs, serving as a reference for designing solutions that align with user-centric principles.

Implementing emerging technologies is a complex task which requires time, precision, and organization. The definition of a logical structure for classifying and organizing complex information during the design process of a technological solution provides flexibility while the process becomes more prescriptive. One of the most used methods in the ICT field is the user-centered design methodology (UCD). UCD methodology situates the final user as the cornerstone of the research and development process since the success or failure of a technological solution will depend on users’ acceptance. The following chapter presents experiences, best practices and lessons learned applying UCD methodology in different European projects from several years of work conducted at LifeSTech group from UPM, in areas such as: chronic diseases management, accessibility, and cognitive rehabilitation. Specifically, the chapter explains how the UCD methodology was applied during the different stages of the design and development process for different domains and use cases.

Modifications to evidence-based health-promotion programs are often required to enhance "real-world" sustainability. User-centered design (UCD) methodologies can support these re-design efforts. We describe how UCD methodologies were used to optimize an online, champion-delivered workplace health-promotion sit less/move more initiative (BeUpstanding) to promote sustainability. Three participant groups (core expert group, workplace end users, commercialization partners; n = 16 total) participated in three discovery cycles with data used to develop a working prototype. This prototype was tested in a 3-month beta-testing validation phase, involving four workplaces and 20 champion end users, with qualitative feedback collected. Optimizations were mapped to the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) framework, with desirability, viability, and feasibility parameters considered. The discovery cycles highlighted the need for a new user type-an "overseer"-to manage and help engage champions delivering the program. An enhanced user-experience to support implementation across users (i.e., overseers and champions) as well as additional engagement features were other identified requirements. Prototype testing found revised features to be both desirable and useful. Employing UCD methodologies to re-design BeUpstanding helped focus efforts on usability and effectiveness to promote sustainability. Iterative cycles of discovery and validation guided by the RE-AIM framework may provide a comprehensive approach to addressing the evolving needs of workplace health and wellbeing programs.

Accompanying with the advent of Information Communication Technology and its common usage in daily lives, design business has then encountered new challenge by adapting these changes into business implementation concern. This paper aims to provide a creative and effective design process by examining current interior design business and its relationships with design management. Major noticeable issues are aroused by re-considering roles between clients, involved designers and design managers. Apparently, relationship between client and designer is changing dynamically over the course of design process particularly under today's communicational ways. This paper focuses mainly on the use of changing and applicable modes that not only supports design process to be more creative but also assists design process to be further effective by implementing design management at internal level. Through exploring existing difficulties of communications and potentialities in the design phases, this paper proposes a conceptual framework attempting to employ Information Communication Technology into business implementation based on theory of Participatory Design where creative design processes and management could both bring better outcome for interior design practice as well as achieve a sustainable business model.

Accompanying with the advent of Information Communication Technology and its common usage in daily lives, design business has then encountered a new challenge by adapting these changes into business implementation concern. This paper aims to provide a creative and effective design process by examining current interior design business and its relationships with design management. Major noticeable issues are aroused by re-considering roles between clients, involved designers and design managers. Apparently, relationship between client and designer is changing dynamically over the course of design process particularly under today's communicational ways. This paper focuses mainly on the use of changing and applicable modes that not only supports design process to be more creative but also assists design process to be further effective by implementing design management at internal level. Through exploring existing difficulties of communications and potentialities in the design phases, this paper proposes a conceptual framework attempting to employ Information Communication Technology into business implementation based on theory of Participatory Design where creative design processes and management could both meet better outcome for interior design practice as well as to achieve a sustainable business model.

Purpose. To move closer to the goal of independent living for stroke patients with hemiplegia, this study is to design an assistive bathing device approached from a User-Centred Design (UCD).Method. Based on User-Centred Design methodology, a design process is adopted for this study. Observation and evaluation results from a Usability Context Analysis (UCA) are employed to improve the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) and the matrix for matching the environmental threats and opportunities with company's weaknesses and especially it's strengths (TOWS), resulting in two assistive device (AD) design methods named AD-SWOT and AD-TOWS. Therefore, a new assistive device design process (AD-Design process) is proposed. A case study of stroke patients is conducted to practically apply the AD-Design process to the design of assistive bathing devices for stroke patients.Results. By using the AD-Design process, three design concept orientations (AD-SO, AD-ST, AD-WO) were found for design concept generating from AD-TOWS. Four concepts for AD were decided and designed by the viewpoint of UCD. Finally, three ADs for bathing were tested by user-based assessment. And results showed the devices can help individuals clean case's body parts, such as case's backs and armpits that they were previously unable to clean independently.Conclusions. AD-design process could help a product designer to generate suitable design approaching from UCD. In this study, three ADs (Back Cleaning Board, Feet Cleaning and Single-Sided Elastic Bathing Belt) were designed for a stroke patient's individual bathing.

Mobile Location-Based Services (mLBS) are an increasingly consumer-based concept borne from, and continually driven by, technology-centred development; as opposed to the needs of end users. Where users have been made a focus, the research generally concerns issues of overall system appearance, functionality, information content and interaction methods, with little emphasis on the component geospatial representations. This paper describes the initial stages of a research project aimed at filling this void through the application of a qualitative User-Centred Design (UCD) methodology for optimising geospatial representations within mLBS applications, in order to support a selected user group: Australian ‘leisure-based travellers’. Presented in this paper is an account of two UCD activities adopted for the research. The first, user profiling, served to define the target user population in terms of their technological, geospatial and travel experiences, using an online questionnaire. The second, user task analysis, involved in-depth interviews with a subset of users in order to obtain a deeper understanding of the geospatial goals, tasks, needs and preferences within the population, as well as the range of user differences and variability in tasks present. An overall user assessment, through combined analysis of the two result sets, highlighted considerations for the ongoing research, including a set of specific implications for the design of alternative models for geospatial services, representations and interactions. The themes described in this paper represent an initial and necessary component of UCD, which has been largely overlooked in research relating to mLBS. Whilst the focus here is on a specific user group and context of use, it is envisaged that many of the concepts tested and ratified by the resulting models will be relevant to mLBS applications in general.

Translation of an effective research intervention into a program able to be implemented in practice typically requires adaptations to ensure the outcomes can be achieved within the applied setting. User centred design (UCD) methodologies can support these iterative adaptations, with this approach being particularly well suited to peer-led interventions, due to a focus on usability. We describe and reflect on the UCD approach that was applied to optimise an online, peer-led workplace health promotion initiative (BeUpstanding: ACTRN12617000682347) to be suitable for wide-scale implementation and evaluation. Optimisation was aligned against the indicators of the RE-AIM (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, maintenance) framework, with UCD methodologies (discovery interviews, persona and scenario mapping, facilitated workshops, surveys and prototyping) employed to enhance the program according to all RE-AIM dimensions. The core team (content experts, implementation scientist, interaction designer, software developer, business developer) worked closely with policy and practice partners and end users (workplace champions, management and staff) to iteratively develop and test across the RE-AIM indicators. This description and reflection of the process of applying UCD and the RE-AIM framework to the optimisation of BeUpstanding is intended to provide guidance for other behaviour change research adaptations into practice.