Abstract
<h2>Abstract</h2> Although child inflammatory demyelinating diseases (CIDD) are rare they can present to the general paediatrician as an acute neurological deficit with or without encephalopathy. Some have a monophasic disease course while others are chronic and relapse. Establishing the correct diagnosis is paramount as the treatment differs for the chronic disorders. Further, early treatment can significantly reduce long-term disability. Therefore, it is essential that the attending physician in the emergency department knows when to suspect demyelinating disease, is able to produce an accurate differential, and is able to investigate appropriately. This review describes the different CIDDs, their presentation, key investigations and management including multiple sclerosis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, clinically isolated syndrome and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease.
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