Acute Effects of Multicomponent Training, Resistance Training and Walking on Affect and Enjoyment of Healthy Elderly Individuals: A Randomized Cross-sectional Study

Multicomponent or Resistance Training for Nursing Home Residents: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis.

Exercise training is recommended as the first-line therapy for intermittent claudication patients. However, the effects of exercise therapy on cardiovascular function of these patients have been poorly studied. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of walking and strength training on cardiovascular responses assessed at rest and during exercise in patients with intermittent claudication. Thirty-four patients with stable symptoms of intermittent claudication were randomized into two groups: strength training (ST) consisting of eight exercises, three sets of 10 repetitions, intensity of 11 - 13 on 15-grade Borg scale, 2-min interval between sets; and walking training (WT) consisting of walking on a treadmill, 15 bouts of 2-min, intensity of 11 - 13 on 15-grade Borg scale, with a 2-min interval between bouts. Before and after 12 weeks, blood pressure, heart rate and rate pressure product were measured at rest and during a progressive treadmill test until maximal claudication pain. Fifteen patients in each group completed the training program. After the training programs, resting systolic blood pressure (ST:-6 ± 13 mmHg and WT:-3 ± 18 mmHg, P = .04), heart rate (ST: -6 ± 10 bpm and WT:-2 ± 9 bpm, P = .03), and rate pressure product (ST:-1485 ± 1442 mmHg*bpm and WT:- 605 ± 2145 mmHg*bpm, P = .01) decreased significantly and similarly in both groups. Submaximal systolic blood pressure (ST: -14 ± 23 mmHg and WT:-6 ± 23 mmHg, P = .02), and rate pressure product (ST:-1579 ± 3444 mmHg*bpm and WT: -1264 ± 3005 mmHg*bpm, P = .04) decreased significantly and similarly in both groups. There were no changes in submaximal heart rate after ST and WT. Maximal systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and rate pressure product did not change in either group, although maximal exercise time increased similarly in the ST and WT groups (+31 ± 19 %, and +31 ± 32 %, respectively, P < .01). Strength and walking trainings promoted similar increases in walking capacity and decreases in resting and submaximal exercise cardiovascular load.

BackgroundPhysical fitness is an important indicator of health and quality of life in all population groups, and particularly in institutionalized elderly. In contrast, increased fat mass is associated with poor...

PurposeThe primary purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two different exercise training programs on executive cognitive functions and functional mobility in older adults. A secondary purpose was to explore the potential mediators of training effects on executive function and functional mobility with particular reference to physical fitness gains.MethodsA sample of 42 healthy community dwelling adults aged 65 to 75 years participated twice weekly for 3 months in either: (1) multicomponent training, prioritizing neuromuscular coordination, balance, agility, and cognitive executive control; or (2) progressive resistance training for strength conditioning. Participants were tested at baseline (T1), following a 4-week control period (T2), and finally at postintervention (T3) for executive function (inhibition and cognitive flexibility) and functional mobility (maximal walking speed with and without additional task requirements). Cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness were also assessed as potential mediators.ResultsIndices of inhibition, the functions involved in the deliberate withholding of prepotent or automatic responses, and measures of functional mobility improved after the intervention, independent of training type. Mediation analysis suggested that different mechanisms underlie the effects of multicomponent and progressive resistance training. While multicomponent training seemed to directly affect inhibitory capacity, resistance training seemed to affect it indirectly through gains in muscular strength. Physical fitness and executive function variables did not mediate functional mobility changes.ConclusionThese results confirm that physical training benefits executive function and suggest that different training types might lead to such benefits through different pathways. Both types of training also promoted functional mobility in older adulthood; however, neither inhibitory capacity, nor muscular strength gains seemed to explain functional mobility outcomes.

Affective responses to stretching exercises: Exploring the timing of assessments

A Comparison of Aerobic Exercise and Resistance Training in Patients With and Without Chronic Kidney Disease

CONTEXT: Over the past few years, several clinical trials have been performed to analyze the effects of exercise training on walking ability in patients with intermittent claudication (IC). However, it remains unclear which type of physical exercise provides the maximum benefits in terms of walking ability. OBJECTIVE: To analyze, by means of a meta-analysis, the effects of walking and strength training on the walking capacity in patients with IC. METHODS: Papers analyzing the effects of walking and strength training programs in patients with IC were browsed on the Medline, Lilacs, and Cochrane databases. Randomized clinical trials scoring &gt;4 on the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale and assessing claudication distance (CD) and total walking distance (TWD) were included in the review. RESULTS: Walking and strength training yielded increases in CD and TWD (P &lt; 0.05). However, walking training yielded greater increases than strength training (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Walking and strength training improve walking capacity in patients with IC. However, greater improvements in TWD are obtained with walking training.

To compare the effects of 16-week multicomponent and resistance training, and 6-week detraining on physical variables related to a higher risk of falls in very old people. A randomized, three-arm, controlled trial was carried out. A total of 69 community-dwelling older adults aged 80 years and older were allocated to three groups: control, multicomponent training and resistance training. They were assessed at baseline, after 16-week training and 6-week detraining. The control group did not perform any intervention. The multicomponent group performed protocol consisting of warm-up, aerobic, strength, balance and cool-down exercises. The resistance group underwent strength exercises using six adapted machines. The training sessions had progressive intensity, lasted 16 weeks and 12 included three 1-h sessions per week. The assessment consisted of anamneses, five-repetition sit-to-stand, one-leg standing, tandem and dual task tests. For statistical analysis, α = 0.05 was used. There were no significant differences between groups and assessments in any variable when analyzed by intention to treat. However, when analyzed, the older adults who adhered to the training, the multicomponent group, had a significant improvement in the sit-to-stand and the one-leg standing (right support) tests. There was a significant main effect between times on the one-leg standing (left support) test. In very old people, multicomponent training seems to be more beneficial and presents fewer adverse events when the adherence to protocol is higher.

Evidence suggests affective responses to exercise can influence exercise adherence. However, there is a limited understanding of how and when to measure core affect in resistance training. As such, the objective of this systematic review was to analyze how the Feeling Scale and/or the Felt Arousal Scale have been used in resistance training to assess core affect. Focus was given to the contextual feasibility, timing, and frequency of assessment. A search in PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and PsycINFO databases was conducted (last search date July, 2022) with the purpose of including experimental and non-experimental studies, utilizing the Feeling Scale and/or the Felt Arousal Scale in resistance training, and focused on apparently healthy individuals of any age. Twenty-seven studies (N = 718 participants) published between 2009–2022 were qualitatively analyzed. Both scales appeared to be able to detect core affect within a wide array of intensities, ages, and equipment. As for the timing and frequency of measurement, no apparent standardization was evident. The use of the Feeling Scale, the Felt Arousal Scale, or both, to measure core affect appears to be feasible in resistance training practices. However, a lack of methodological background raises concerns regarding the quality of previous studies’ assessments and comparisons of results across studies.

Evidence suggests affective responses to exercise can influence exercise adherence. However, there is a limited understanding of how and when to measure core affect in resistance training. As such, the objective of this systematic review was to analyze how the Feeling Scale and/or the Felt Arousal Scale have been used in resistance training to assess core affect. Focus was given to the contextual feasibility, timing, and frequency of assessment. A search in PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and PsycINFO databases was conducted (last search date July, 2022) with the purpose of including experimental and non-experimental studies, utilizing the Feeling Scale and/or the Felt Arousal Scale in resistance training, and focused on apparently healthy individuals of any age. Twenty-seven studies (N = 718 participants) published between 2009–2022 were qualitatively analyzed. Both scales appeared to be able to detect core affect within a wide array of intensities, ages, and equipment. As for the timing and frequency of measurement, no apparent standardization was evident. The use of the Feeling Scale, the Felt Arousal Scale, or both, to measure core affect appears to be feasible in resistance training practices. However, a lack of methodological background raises concerns regarding the quality of previous studies’ assessments and comparisons of results across studies.

IntroductionSarcopenic obesity (SO) is a condition characterized by the coexistence of age-related obesity and sarcopenia. This systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) aimed to compare the effects of different training modalities, such as aerobic training (AT), resistance training (RT), combined resistance with AT (CT), and multicomponent training (MCT) on body composition, muscle strength, and physical performance in elderly patients with SO.MethodsWe electronically searched randomized controlled trials, published from inception to March 2024 in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus. Effect estimates were presented as mean differences (MD) or Standard Mean Difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). The comprehensive effects of all treatments were ranked by the surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) probabilities.Results14 trials enrolling 955 participants were included. The body fat percentage (BFP) in MCT (MD= −6.37, 95% CI: −8.67, −4.07), CT (MD = −2.08, 95% CI: −4.00, −0.16), and RT (MD = −1.85, 95% CI: −3.25, −0.44) was significantly lower than in the normal control group, with MCT showing superior effects compared to CT and RT. Furthermore, only MCT significantly improved fat-free mass (FFM; MD = 5.21, 95% CI:1.51, 8.91), as well as in body mass index (BMI; MD = 0.74, 95% CI:0.08, 1.40). In addition, handgrip strength (HGS) significantly improved under both MCT (SMD = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.19, 1.5) and RT(SMD = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.43, 1.25). The performance on the 30s chair stand test also yielded better outcomes for MCT (MD = 3.10, 95% CI: 1.33, 4 0.86), CT(MD = 2 0.50, 95% CI: 0.18, 5.18), and RT(MD = 3.91, 95% CI: 2.30, 5.52) when compared to the control group. Lastly, gait speed was enhanced by both MCT (MD = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.41) and CT(MD = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.21). The ranking results indicated that MCT was superior to other training modalities in enhancing body composition and gait speed. In contrast, RT appears to be more advantageous in the 30-second chair standing test and in improving HGS.ConclusionMCT outperformed other training modalities in improving body composition and gait speed. RT was more beneficial for the 30-second chair standing test and enhancing HGS. These findings provide valuable insights for clinicians and researchers to customize exercise prescriptions for older patients with SO.Systematic review registrationhttp://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.asp?ID=CRD42024544962.

Resistance exercise reduces the risk of chronic disease and promotes numerous health benefits. Due to the low rates of participation in resistance exercise, research is needed to create a more positive affective response from exercise. This has been shown to increase rates of adherence in aerobic exercise. PURPOSE: To compare the affective responses of performing resistance exercise on machines (MA) and free weights (FW). METHODS: Novice participants (4 Males: 20.8±0.5yrs; 75.2±17kg; 180±2.4cm; 14 Females: 25.7±9.8yrs; 67.9±19kg; 163±5.6cm) completed a MA workout consisting of the leg press, row, chest press, and leg curl and a FW workout consisting of a goblet squat, row, bench press, and stiff leg deadlift. Each exercise was performed at 80% 10RM for 3 sets of 9-11 repetitions with 90 secs of rest between each set. Feeling Scale (FS) and Felt Arousal Scale (FAS) were assessed before exercise, after the completion of the 7th repetition of the 2nd set of each exercise, after the 3rd set of each exercise, immediately after, 30 min after, and 60 min after. RESULTS: Repeated measures ANOVA from before to after exercise revealed a condition x time interaction for FS where FS in the MA condition increased immediately and 60 minutes following exercise, there was no change across time for FW, and FS for MA was significantly higher at 60 minutes following exercise than FW, F(3, 51) = 3.26, p = 0.040. For FAS before and after exercise, FAS significantly increased immediately following exercise and then decreased to below exercise levels at 30 and 60 min regardless of condition, F(3, 51) = 11.91, p < 0.001. Repeated measures ANOVA for RPE during the exercise revealed a condition x time interaction where RPE was higher in FW for all exercises except those of the chest where RPE was higher for MA, F(7, 119) = 3.285, p = 0.015. CONCLUSION: The more positive affective response from the MA workout immediately and 60 minutes after exercise suggests that MA exercises may be better for novice lifters when beginning a resistance training regimen.

Affective responses to physical exercise vary according to sensory impressions and can influence motor performance. To assess affective states in exercise contexts, scales such as the Felt Arousal Scale and the Feeling Scale are commonly used. Although widely applied, their psychometric properties have not yet been tested in older adults, which limits their use in this population. This test–retest study aimed to test the reliability of these scales in older adults of both sexes. The sample consisted of 80 volunteers (67 women) engaged in either resistance training (n = 37) or functional training (n = 43), with a mean age of 70 ± 9 years. Data collection occurred on two separate days, with a minimum interval of 15 days. The following instruments were applied: (a) Felt Arousal Scale and Feeling Scale at pre-, during (minutes 20 to 25), and post-training; (b) Borg Scale during and after training; and c) Mini-Mental State Examination during the first visit. The results showed strong to very strong correlations for both scales (Feeling Scale: ρ = 0.936 during, ρ = 0.840 post; Felt Arousal Scale: r = 0.967 during, r = 0.887 post), as well as good internal consistency (Feeling Scale: α = 0.887; Felt Arousal Scale: α = 0.860) and excellent temporal stability (Feeling Scale: ICC = 0.925; Felt Arousal Scale: ICC = 0.869). It is concluded that both instruments are reliable for measuring affect and arousal in older adults who engage in physical exercise.

Dissimilar perceptual response between trained women and men in resistance training to concentric failure: A quasi-experimental study

in the last decade, there was a dramatic increase in our knowledge of the molecular events that accompany changes in skeletal muscle mass in response to resistance exercise training or to chronic unloading. For example, the role of myostatin in limiting skeletal muscle growth during development was