Acute blood toxicity of the abused inhalant, cyclohexyl nitrite

Abstract

Cyclohexyl nitrite is an abused nitrite inhalant. This is the first report of toxicity of cyclohexyl nitrite. Mice were exposed to 300–900 ppm cyclohexyl nitrite in an inhalation chamber for 45 min and then bled. Such treatment resulted in a 7–10% reduction in red blood cell counts, haemoglobin and haematocrit levels. Both blood leucocyte counts and spleen cellularity were reduced by 40%. Unlike isobutyl nitrite, subchronic treatment of mice with cyclohexyl nitrite did not impair macrophage tumoricidal activity or production of reactive nitrogen intermediates, but did modulate B and T cell mitogen responses. The data suggest that cyclohexyl nitrite had cytotoxic activity, comparable to that of isobutyl nitrite, which might be related to the anaemia reported in abusers. The immunomodulatory properties of cyclohexyl nitrite differed from those of isobutyl nitrite.