Abstract
Background: Exercise reinforcement predicts physical activity of children. Repeated exposures of physical activity may increase physical activity reinforcement (incentive sensitization). Active videogame (AVG) play produces light-to-moderate-intensity physical activity. Ideally, AVG play would transition to nonscreen-based active play through incentive sensitization of traditional active play (TAP), providing AVG does not increase sedentary videogame (SVG) reinforcement. Greater autonomy increases motivation toward traditional physical activity, but whether autonomy enhances incentive sensitization has not been studied. Objectives: To determine whether autonomy over AVG play promotes incentive sensitization of TAP or SVG. Methods: Inactive children (ages 8-12; 5th-97th body mass index percentile) were provided with AVG and SVG for 6 weeks and assigned to either a high autonomy (n = 25) or low autonomy (n = 24) group, differentiated by AVG choice and more freedom over amount of play. Both groups played AVG 3 days per week. SVG were played ad libitum. Participants completed an operant responding task to measure the relative reinforcing value (RRV) of AVG versus SVG (RRVAVG vs. SVG) and AVG versus TAP (RRVAVG vs. TAP) at baseline, 6 weeks, and 10 weeks. Results: RRVAVG vs. SVG increased over time (P = 0.056) but did not differ by autonomy or autonomy × time (P = 0.184). RRVAVG vs. TAP decreased over time (P = 0.033) but did not differ by autonomy or autonomy × time (P = 0.73). Conclusion: AVG play does not increase motivation toward SVG and increases motivation to play AVG relative to TAP. Providing higher autonomy did not promote incentive sensitization of play.
Highlights
Current health guidelines recommend that children engage in exercise, sport, or active play for a minimum of 60 minutes per day.[1]
Chi square and t-tests confirmed that autonomy groups did not differ at baseline in gender (P = 0.668), BMI percentile for age and gender (P = 0.362), BMI (P = 0.960), age (P = 0.151), weight (P = 0.567) (Table 1), as well as likings for Active videogame (AVG), sedentary videogame (SVG), and traditional active play (TAP) at baseline, 6 weeks, and 10 weeks (Table 2)
For the high autonomy group, PmaxAVG decreased from baseline to 6 weeks and 6 to 10 weeks, whereas for the low autonomy group, PmaxAVG increased from baseline to 6 weeks and decreased from 6 to 10 weeks (Table 4)
Summary
Current health guidelines recommend that children engage in exercise, sport, or active play for a minimum of 60 minutes per day.[1]. The ratio of physical activity time earned to total time earned in both options is termed relative reinforcing value (RRV) This paradigm has been successfully applied to understand greater usual physical activity participation in both children[6,7] and adults.[8,9] If physical activity is to be maintained long-term, children must find it more reinforcing relative to a non-exercise (sedentary) alternative. Methods: Inactive children (ages 8–12; 5th–97th body mass index percentile) were provided with AVG and SVG for 6 weeks and assigned to either a high autonomy (n = 25) or low autonomy (n = 24) group, differentiated by AVG choice and more freedom over amount of play. Providing higher autonomy did not promote incentive sensitization of play
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