Abstract
Graphene offers the possibility for actively controlling plasmon confinement and propagation by tailoring its spatial conductivity. However, implementation of this concept has been hampered because it is difficult to control the conductivity pattern without disturbing the electromagnetic environment of graphene plasmons. Here we demonstrate full electrical control of plasmon reflection/transmission in graphene at electronic boundaries induced by a transparent patterned zinc oxide gate, which is designed to minimize the electromagnetic coupling to graphene in the terahertz range. This approach enables plasmons to be confined to desired regions. Our approach might be applied to various types of plasmonic devices, paving the way for implementing a programmable plasmonic circuit.
Highlights
Graphene offers the possibility for actively controlling plasmon confinement and propagation by tailoring its spatial conductivity
To fully control the plasmon reflection/transmission at an electronic boundary, which is essential for the active spatial control of graphene plasmons, independent tuning of the carrier density on both sides of the boundary is necessary
An electronic boundary has to be sharp to prevent the deterioration of the performance of plasmonic devices, and modulation of the electromagnetic environment must be avoided; otherwise, uncontrollable plasmon reflection is inevitable
Summary
Graphene offers the possibility for actively controlling plasmon confinement and propagation by tailoring its spatial conductivity. We demonstrate full electrical control of plasmon reflection/transmission in graphene at electronic boundaries induced by a transparent patterned zinc oxide gate, which is designed to minimize the electromagnetic coupling to graphene in the terahertz range. This approach enables plasmons to be confined to desired regions. It has been proposed that plasmonic components such as waveguides, splitters, and switches can be developed in a continuous graphene sheet[4,5,6] Using these components in an active manner, a programmable plasmonic circuit can be configured. 2; ð1Þ where e is electron charge, kB is Boltzmann’s constant, ω is angular frequency, τ is scattering time, and T is temperature
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