Activation and expression of endogenous pain control mechanisms in rats given repeated nociceptive tests under the influence of naloxone.

Abstract

In six experiments, it was found that animals administered the opiate receptor blocker naloxone prior to either hot-plate or tail-flick nociceptive tests developed reduced sensitivity to pain relative to animals tested under saline. The naloxone-induced analgesia was most pronounced following administration of 10 mg/kg naloxone, with weaker effects occurring at 0.5 and 2 mg/kg. The effect manifested itself in tests using mild (48.5 degrees hot-plate tests), but not more severe (52 degrees or 56 degrees hot-plate tests), intensities of nociceptive stimulation. The analgesia observed in animals tested under naloxone arose in part from the attenuation of the habituation of stress-induced analgesia produced by the novelty of the test apparatus, and in part from exposure to nociceptive stimulation. It appears to be mediated by a nonopiate mechanism; naloxone enhanced the analgesia produced by exposure to brief, continuous shock, but blocked the analgesia elicited by prolonged, intermittent shock (see Lewis, Cannon, & Liebeskind, 1980). We also found that administration of naloxone prior to nociceptive testing enhanced the development of conditioned autoanalgesia (as assessed by nociceptive tests conducted under saline), and that the enhanced conditioned autoanalgesia summated with the analgesic effect of morphine. The results are discussed in terms of the activation and expression of both opiate and nonopiate pain suppression mechanisms; their implications for models of situation specific morphine analgesic tolerance are discussed.