Abstract
A procedure is described for treating glassy carbon to create an active electrode. For the first time, a level of activity comparable to that of active Pt has been attained. This was determined by the heterogeneous electron transfer rate (0.14±0.01 cm/s) of ferri-/ferro-cyanide. The possible factors in the activation of the glassy carbon electrode (GCE), such as electrode surface cleanliness, roughness and functional groups were studied. However, the GCE was found to deactivate with time; the rate of this deactivation appeared to correlate with the loss rate of hydrogen adsorption/desorption sites at Pt. These results suggest that impurity adsorption played an important role in the deactivation. In addition to assessing the level of activity via the ferri-/ferro-cyanide redox probe, the monitoring of electroactive surface functionalities by differential pulse voltammetry is proposed as a diagnostic for the validation of electrode preparation steps.
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