Action research: alternative paths for the transformation of management academic research to practice

Editorial: The Innovation and Project Management Department in the <i>Journal of Operations Management</i>

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to elaborate on the concept of action by addressing actions and roles in the practice of action research, illustrated by dilemmas in an action research project on information systems development in public sector. The main ambition with action research is being able to solve organisational problems through intervention and to contribute to scientific knowledge. The main emphasis has so far been on the “research part”. Here the authors focus on the “action part” of action research to generate rigorous research, to solve local problems and to deal with evident dilemmas in action research. Design/methodology/approach This is a qualitative case study. The empirical illustrations of this paper originate from an action research project that focused the two e-service development initiatives analysed below. The analysis is structured using key aspects and phases proposed by Avison et al. (2001). As a result of the analysis, the concept of action is elaborated. The action elements action, actor, motive, space and time are analysed together with different roles. This goes beyond the existing action research literature. Findings The conclusions show that there is a need to understand actions and roles within action research projects – not separating action from research. Research is also seen as action. The practice of action research is also discussed as context-bounded interactive social action: action research as a recurrent, interactive and dynamic activity. It is also identified that the understanding of roles, actions and interaction can help handle dilemmas in action research. Research Limitations/implications The authors contribute to the body of knowledge concerning action research in the information systems research field and in general by exploring the need to study the concept of action (e.g. situations and elements), to be explicit concerning the different phases, roles and responsibilities and management of different dilemmas in action research. A limitation of this study is that the inter-organisational development character in this study adds an extra dimension into the practice of actions research only partially highlighted. Another limitation is focus on public agencies. However, this is not critical for the results on action elements and the action research dilemmas that are studied. Practical Implications The understanding of roles, actions and interaction can solve the dilemmas and challenges linked to the practice of action research in the information systems field, but such understanding can help discover and handle dilemmas in action research. Originality/value The originality in this research is an illustration of and a perspective of action research as a context-bounded interactive social action: action research as a recurrent, interactive and dynamic activity. The value is that this knowledge can help handle dilemmas in action research.

As part of the emergence of an epistemology specific to the field of entrepreneurship research, this article aims to reveal the social structuration of knowledge in entrepreneurship, through the empirical study of articles published in the Journal of Business Venturing between its founding in 1986, and 1993. This research, by virtue of its empirical approach based on methods of network analysis widely used in the sociology of science and technology, tends to substitute a social representation of the field of entrepreneurship research for the essentially cognitive and formal representation characteristic of most epistemological reflections in this field. At the end of this study, the field of entrepreneurship research appears as an intricate network, where researchers and institutions are involved in a social and collective game of strategic struggles and alliances. Furthermore, this field of research appears as a largely fragmented space fraught with the traps inherent to disciplinary introversion.RésuméS'inscrivant dans l'émergence d'une épistémologie propre au champ de recherche en entrepreneurship, l'article vise à mettre au jour la structuration sociale des connaissances en entrepreneurship, par l'étude empirique das articles parus dans le Journal of Business Venturing depuis sa fondation en 1986 jusqu'en 1993. Par sa démarche empirique fondée sur les méthodes d'analyse de réseau largement utilisées en sociologie des sciences et des techniques, cette recherche conduit alors à substituer une représentation sociale du champ de recherche en entrepreneurship à la représentation essentiellement cognitive et formelle qui marque la plupart des réflexions d'ordre épistémologique que l'on trouve dans le champ. Au terme de cette recherche, le champ de recherche en entrepreneurship se présente sous la forme d'un enchevêtrement de réseaux oà chercheurs et institutions sont engagés dans un jeu social et collectif de luttes et d'alliances stratégiques. En outre, le champ de recherche se présente comme un espace largement fragmenté au prise avec les pièges inhérents au cloisonnement disciplinaire.

Editorial:<scp>Narrative‐Based</scp>Approaches in Psychological Research and Practice

The article attempts to reveal the problem of research in the field of translation as a component of the process of forming the research competence of future translators. The aim of the article is to study the peculiarities of translation studies and their role in the development of future translators’ research competence. The relevance of the study is substantiated, which is determined by the fact that the profession of translator is currently one of the most prestigious and popular professions in the world; there is the demand for new types of translators – fixer translators and military translators, which is due to the beginning of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine. It is noted that the subject of translation studies is the study of the regularities of the translation process and the factors that affect the course of the translation process and determine the result of the translation. The features of the areas of research in the field of translation are considered. It is established that foreign scholars distinguish the following areas of research in translation studies: text analysis and translation; translation quality assessment; genre translation; multimedia translation; translation and technology; history of translation; translation ethics; terminology and glossaries; interpretation; translation process; training of translators; and the profession of translator. It is noted that translators have the opportunity to conduct their research in several fields with different directions and orientations. Some translators choose one of the areas of comparative research, while other translators use different types of questionnaires and interviews to measure the relationship or importance of a specific translation-related issue. Another important area of research in the field of translation is considered – research in the field of training future translators, since conducting high-level translation research requires a translator to have developed research competence. It has been proved that a higher education institution should train a specialist researcher who tries to disseminate and explore new methods of work, who should form new ideas and is able to put them into practice. The future specialist should develop the skills of independent creative scientific work, form a circle of their scientific interests, master the norms and scientific and methodological principles of experimental and research activities. The basis of the research competence of future translators is the ability to identify the problem in time, formulate a hypothesis, select and analyse the necessary information for the study, select the necessary methods of research and data processing, focus not only on the final but also on intermediate results of the study, discuss the possibility of interpreting the results of the study, and use the results of the study in practical activities. These characteristics determine the ability of future translators to conduct scientific research in the field of topical issues of modern humanities, linguistics, literary studies, translation studies and are an important indicator of the high qualification of these specialists. The study organizes and systematizes the available knowledge on the problem of the essence and directions of translation studies, allowing, after appropriate adaptation, applying it in the process of forming the research competence of future translators. The prospects for further research on this issue include the development of pedagogical conditions for the formation of future translators’ research competence, taking into account the peculiarities and directions of translation studies.

Knowledge and skills in the field of research are key requirements for the successful completion of studies for students, including prospective teachers. However, the outbreak of the COVID-19 coronavirus has made it difficult for students to conduct research in the usual ways. This study aims to apply project-based learning through action research to teach students educational research methods and to help them prepare research plans that are adaptive to classroom situations. This is achieved through the provision of learning resources to teach research theory, followed by the implementation of action research to write research proposals and evaluations of learning outcomes. Learning resources were systematically arranged to support online learning to teach research methods, and effective action research led students to learn actively and develop educational research plans. Competence in the field of research was achieved. Student learning outcomes sequentially for assignment scores (M = 88.38 ± 3.00), final project scores (M = 88.20 ± 3.55), and posttest (M = 92.06 ± 2.17) were all high. Project-based learning is shown to be effective in guiding students to learn actively by utilizing available learning resources. It motivates students to learn independently and can be applied to achieve competency targets in both normal and abnormal learning situations, such as those experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Case study methods in design management research

Is There a Right Research Design for Your Supply Chain Study?.- Substantive Justification for Theory Building.- A Balanced Approach to Research in Supply Chain Management.- A Critical Discussion on the Theoretical and Methodological Advancements in Supply Chain Integration Research.- Measuring Supply Chain Integration - Using the Q-Sort Technique.- Supply Chain Management and the Challenge of Organizational Complexity - Methodological Considerations.- The Configurational Approach in Supply Chain Management.- Conducting a Literature Review - The Example of Sustainability in Supply Chains.- Research Methodologies in Supply Chain Management - What Do We Know?.- Surveys in Supply Chain Management.- The Role and Importance of Survey Research in the Field of Supply Chain Management.- Web-based Surveys in Logistics Research: An Empirical Application.- SCM Research Methodologies: Employing Structural Equation Modeling.- Structural Equation Modeling as a Basis for Theory Development within Logistics and Supply Chain Management Research.- Customers' Perceptions of Service Quality by TPL Service Providers in the United Kingdom - A Confirmatory Factor Analysis.- Third Party Logistics in Thailand - From the Users' Perspective.- A Market-Oriented View of SCM - Researching Criteria and Instruments in the Public Procurement Process.- Case Study Research in Supply Chains.- Case Study Research in Supply Chains - An Outline and Three Examples.- A Proposal for Case Study Methodology in Supply Chain Integration Research.- Using Case Study Methods in Researching Supply Chains.- Multilevel Issues in Supply Chain Management.- Cost Management along the Supply Chain - Methodological Implications.- Case Studies and Surveys in Supply Chain Management Research - Two Complementary Methodologies.- Towards Triangulation - Blending Techniques in Supply Chain Management Context.- Action Research in Supply Chains.- Action Research in Supply Chain Management - An Introduction.- The Application of Action Learning and Action Research in Collaborative Improvement within the Extended Manufacturing Enterprise.- Integrating Environmental and Social Standards into Supply Management - An Action Research Project.- Supply Chain Diagnostics to Confront Theory and Practice - Re-Questioning the Core of Supply Chain Management.- A Logistics and Supply Chain Approach to Seaport Efficiency - An Inquiry Based on Action Research Methodology.- Modelling Supply Chains.- Supply Chain Management Research Methodology Using Quantitative Models Based on Empirical Data.- Of Stocks, Flows, Agents and Rules - Strategic Simulations in Supply Chain Research.- Analysis of Supply Chain Dynamics through Object Oriented Simulation.- The Potential of Cooperative Game Theory for Supply Chain Management.- Modeling the Effect of Product Architecture Modularity in Supply Chains.- Heuristics in the Multi-Location Inventory System with Transshipments.- Contract Typology as a Research Method in Supply Chain Management.- Load Dependent Lead Times - From Empirical Evidence to Mathematical Modeling.- Recovery Network Design for End-of-Life Vehicles.- Modeling and Integrated Assessment of Mass and Energy Flows within Supply Chains.- Socrates Thematic Network to Enhance European Teaching and Research of Operations as Well as Supply Chain Management.

The Trauma of Disregard

Information systems action research: Debunking myths and overcoming barriers

Classroom Research, Teacher Research, and Action Research are three methods that are often misunderstood. Classroom analysis is research undertaken in language classrooms that reflects on participation in the lessons; the Research’s emphasis as well as the environment in which the data is obtained characterizes it. For language teachers and the discipline as a whole, doing classroom Research may be helpful. Teacher research is classified as research performed by the Teacher; in other words, the person who performs the thesis specifies it. The iterative cyclic procedures of preparing, behaving, observing, evaluating, and replanting are used in action analysis to address challenges and develop local practice.&#x0D; The aim of this analysis is to evaluate the distinctions between classroom research, Teacher research, and Action research, as well as familiarity with the research method in this field.&#x0D; The analysis of vague information in the field of science research, particularly research in the classroom, professorial research, and practical research in language teaching, is the product and result of the research work on this subject, which has added to the richness of this scientific – research essay.&#x0D; Aim- Receiving correct and necessary knowledge on these three forms of Research in the field of English language and literature, as well as a brief summary of systematic and general research on classroom research, Teacher training, and Action research in language teaching classrooms.

Instructional supervision aims to improve classroom teaching quality and the quality of instruction. An important factor in instructional supervision is the classroom (on-the-spot teaching) and behavior directly related to the teacher. However, until now, most teachers have shown a tendency to have a strong negative perception of instructional supervision. In this context, action research methods can be an alternative for the meaningful implementation of instructional supervision. This is because action research is based on the participation of teachers who are involved in the field of research and from the perspective of the change and improvement of problems that teachers themselves care about, it is practical to explore useful countermeasures in line with the actual situation. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the meaning and implications of action research methods to improve the effectiveness of instructional supervision at the classroom level, focusing on the practical practice and approach of instructional supervision. To this end, this paper analyzes the concepts and methods of supervision, instructional supervision, and action research, and the emphasis of action research as opposed to traditional instructional supervision, and finally discussed the implications for the practice of instructional supervision.

We in a fact of Indonesia educator have been struggling in major of educational human resources, which come-up of the research methodology as a burden science aspect. In addition, the primidone of research method in education system was classroom action research and/or action research. This means, educator tend to conduct an action research for the safe zone rather than scaffold to another marry research method, outside of main research method. In other word, we can said that they want to play in safe level or action research for them, it is a concreate method that guaranteed-facilitated teaching and learning to achieve the best improvement. However, in fact, because of their research behaviour it will cause a hinder point such as in the pandemic, which someone unable or lack of research methodology paradigms, he or she will stuck or in crucial situation can be lost of knowledge development. Directly, student’s will lost their improvement, and whole system of education. In further, by the purpose of this paper to reconstructed-and promoted research capacity of Indonesia educator through enlightens the knowledge of survey and case study uses, researcher concluded that, both survey and case study, were accordance to educational research foundation, which postulated to develop in sustainable capacity of educational human resources also administration. So that like in pandemic outbreak, besides conducting an action research, educators were able to synthesize-analyse-evaluate-develop knowledge based also teaching and learning, to meet the goal of national education.

Background and Objectives Action research has become popular in health system research and problem solving. The aim of this study was to introduce the concepts and applications of action research in health system. Material and Methods This study reviewed the related documents and literatures in Persian and English Language by comprensive search in web-based resources. Results This study compares the Simmons model and other methods and provides a successful model for the use of pilot research in the health system. Conclusion This study recommends utilization of action research in solving health system problems in practice and also for learning in environment. Extended Abstract Background and Objectives Many experts believed that classic research methods have not been sufficient to help solve numerous problems faced by the health system. Thus, researchers have developed a new approach to this problem called "action research."The results of various studies in different countries have confirmed positive effects of this type of study in improving the performance of the health system. The aim of this study was to introduce the concepts and applications of action research in improving the performance of the health system. Material and Methods The present study is a revie of the existing documents and literature. Relevant books and websites were searched through to find various approaches and methods of action research. In order to review action research studies conducted in the field of health and other sectors, valid Persian and English electronic references were reviewed by using the keywords "action research", "health system" and "health" in 2020. At first, definitions and key concepts of action research in the health system were discussed, then the model introduced by Simmons in 1995 for action research, as a comprehensive model, was described and examples of action research studies conducted worldwide, were provided. Results In action research, the researcher with the participation of stakeholders identifies the problems in the system and collects information to solve the problems. Then, in accordance with the conditions of the organization and the solutions provided, the researcher tries to improve the performance. Finally, the results of interventions are evaluated. For this reason, action research is known as a method to improve performance and quality. The Simmons model includes subject identification, data collection, planning, implementation, evaluation and feedback. By summarizing the information obtained, the following steps can be suggested for conducting successful action research in health system: determining the subject of the research, describing the current situation, collecting information, analyzing and interpreting data, selecting and implementing a new solution, collecting information, evaluating the impact of the new action and determining its validity, revising and presenting the final report. Action research includes looking (gathering information and describing the current situation), thinking (discovering what is happening, interpreting it and explaining why and how) and acting (planning, implementing and evaluating). FOCUS PDCA is a proposed model for action research. This model includes 9 steps: finding a problem, organizing the research team, clarifying the process, understanding the causes of change, selecting an item to improve, planning, doing, checking and acting. Conclusion One of the most important reasons for the success of and attention to action research is the inadequacy of traditional research in answering basic questions and problems in the field of health, and the reason for this inefficiency is the gap between traditional research and the needs of the health system, a weakness that can be properly addressed by action research. Finally, it is recommended that if health managers are looking to promote standards and improve the health system in practice and in their specific situation, it is better to continue action research. Since action research is one of the most practical and basic types of research that provides realprospects to promote standards and improve the health system by analyzing the existing issues and problems and taking action to solve them. Practical implications of research Action research is one of the most central and basic types of research that provides the ground for raising standards and improving the health system by analyzing existing issues and problems and taking action to address them. Ethical considerations In selecting sources, extracting and also in reporting the content of sources and studies, the principle of fidelity and ethical principles have been observed. Conflict of interest The authors of the article declare that there is no conflict of interest for the authors of the article. Acknowledgement The authors of the article thank the Vice Chancellor for Research and Technology of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences for approving and financially supporting this study in the form of project number IR.TBZMED.REC.1397.154.

Prophet: A layered analytical model for performance prediction of database systems: Ignacio R. Casas Computer Systems Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, April 1986