Acting fast on feelings!: Naïve theories of futsal players about the use of feelings during their course of action

Reporting healthcare quality has become an important factor in healthcare delivery. Prior research has shown that patient-consumers do not frequently use information on websites reporting physician quality to guide their choice of physicians. Our aim is to understand the contextual and personal characteristics that influence patient-consumers’ decisions to trust or ignore information sources about healthcare quality. We use data from Finding Quality Doctors: How Americans Evaluate Provider Quality in the US, 2014, to examine factors that explain trust in sources reporting healthcare quality provided by physicians. Using factor analysis, 3 overarching information sources were identified: (1) employers and healthcare providers; (2) user advocacy sources; and (3) insurance companies and government. We use multiple regression analysis to understand the factors that impact trust in these 3 information sources. Our study found that contrary to previous findings, health status was not a significant factor that affects trust in sources reporting care quality data. Also, age was the only factor that significantly correlated with trusting information from all 3 sources. Specifically, younger adults trusted information from all sources compared to older adults. Furthermore, political affiliation, employment status, income, and area of residence correlated with trusting care quality information from either companies and government agencies or family and social network sources. Results suggest that individual and contextual characteristics are significant factors in trusting information sources regardless of health status and these should be taken into consideration by those promoting public reporting of healthcare quality information.

Theoretical basis The term emotional intelligence was coined by the researchers Peter Salavoy and John Mayer. The concept was popularized by Daniel Goleman through his book Emotional Intelligence published in 1996. According to Salavoy and Mayer (1990), emotional intelligence consists of a set of skills hypothesized to contribute to the accurate appraisal and expression of emotion in oneself and in others, the effective regulation of emotion in self and others and the use of feelings to motivate, plan and achieve in one’s life. Research methodology The case study uses two sources of information, namely, primary and secondary. Dr Dev, a senior training and development manager with a multinational company constituted the primary source. The secondary source consisted of information publicly available on various websites. The case has been disguised for various reasons. Case overview/synopsis Lady mosquito at NPS Mumbai is a case study on emotional intelligence, a much sought-after concept in management education, but not many case studies have been written on the topic. This case involves an interaction that took place between a facilitator and a learner, and it highlights the importance of emotional intelligence in day-to-day communication. The use of emotional intelligence will manifold improve the ability of the facilitator to understand the learners’ behavior in the classroom. This will further enhance the effectiveness of learning, as the motivated facilitator/trainer will be more committed to engaging the learners in their educational activities. Complexity academic level This case has been developed to be used in postgraduate and undergraduate management programs. This case can also be used in management development programs for executives. As the case provides a basic understanding of human behavior and thereby teaches to manage others just by managing oneself. As the case revolves around a facilitator and the learner, it can also be used in the trainer program for facilitators who desire to conduct training programs or want to take teaching as a full-time career.

The Principle of Feeling – The Method of Structural Systemic Constellations for Technical Problem Solving and Decision Making

In 2016/17, the CATALISE Consortium published the results of a multinational and multidisciplinary Delphi consensus study, representing agreement among professionals about the definition and process of identification of children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) (Bishop etal., 2016, 2017). The extent to which the current clinical practice of UK speech and language therapists (SLTs) reflects the CATALISE consensus statements is unknown. To investigate how UK SLTs' expressive language assessment practices reflect the CATALISE documents' emphasis on the functional impairment and impact caused by DLD, by examining: whether multiple sources of assessment information are gathered; how standardised and non-standardised sources are combined in clinical decision-making, and how clinical observation and language sample analysis are utilised. An anonymous, online survey was carried out between August 2019 and January 2020. It was open to UK-based paediatric SLTs who assess children up to age 12 with unexplained difficulties using language. Questions probed different aspects of expressive language assessment which are referred to in the CATALISE consensus statements and supplementary comments, and asked about participants' familiarity with the CATALISE statements. Responses were analysed using simple descriptive statistics and content analysis. The questionnaire was completed by 104 participants, from all four regions of the United Kingdom, working in a range of clinical settings with different levels of professional experience of DLD. The findings indicate that clinical assessment practices broadly align with the CATALISE statements. Although clinicians carry out standardised assessments more frequently than other types of assessment, they also gather information from other sources and use this alongside standardised test scores to inform clinical decisions. Clinical observation and language sample analysis are commonly utilised to evaluate functional impairment and impact, along with parent/carer/teacher and child report. However, asking about the child's own perspective could be more widely utilised. The findings also highlight a lack of familiarity with the details of the CATALISE documents among two thirds of the participants. Assessment practices broadly align with the CATALISE statements, but there is a need for greater clarity regarding terminology and the assessment of functional language impairment and impact. This research should prompt discussion in the profession about how to further develop and adopt expressive language assessment practices which reflect the CATALISE consensus and support effective assessment. What is already known on the subject The CATALISE consortium documents on Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) were published in 2016/17. The extent to which expressive language assessment practice in the United Kingdom reflects the new definition and statements on assessment has not previously been investigated. What this paper adds to existing knowledge This survey indicates that speech and language therapists in the United Kingdom assessing children for DLD mostly balance standardised language test scores with other sources of information in clinical decision-making, and utilise clinical observation and language sample analysis to consider functional impairment and the impact of the language disorder. However, important questions are raised regarding the robustness and objectivity with which these key parameters are currently defined and evaluated. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? Clinicians, individually and at service level, are encouraged to reflect on their assessment of functional impairment and the impact of language disorder and to take steps to incorporate this where necessary. Professional guidance and clinical tools to facilitate robust, objective assessment would support clinical practice that aligns with expert consensus.

Animals use inter-specific cues as a source of information in decisions-making, but the full costs and benefits of inter-specific information use are unknown. We tested whether pied flycatchers use the body size and clutch size of great tits as cues in their reproductive decisions and what are the possible fitness consequences as a function of great tit size. The size of great tit females associated positively with flycatcher's probability to settle near a tit nest over a territory further away. Flycatcher egg mass was positively correlated with great tit female size regardless of flycatcher territory choice. However, in flycatchers that had chosen to nest near great tits, the size of nestlings decreased in relation to increasing great tit female size. Our results demonstrate the use of size of inter-specifics as a cue in reproductive decisions and the trade-off between the value of information and costs of competition information users face when using inter-specific information in decision-making.

The expertise paradigm was used in two studies to examine decision-making by rugby referees. Videoclips were used to assess infraction detection and knowledge base, or sources of information used. In Study 1, referees of high and low experience were compared, and in Study 2 referees and players were compared. Analysis by signal detection used a framework to classify types of information. Study 1 yielded no differences in detection of infractions as a function of experience, however, referees of high experience used significantly more sources of information than the group with low experience across all categories of information. In Study 2, there were no significant differences between referees and players, with the exception that referees displayed greater use of episodic memory information in decision-making.

Introduction. In information seeking, habits manifest themselves in the ways in which people repeatedly and regularly prefer and access certain sources of information. The present study reviews how researchers in diverse field have approached such habits and characterised their contextual features. Method. Qualitative content analysis of a sample of seventy-three studies on the above topic. The research inductively identified three approaches to habits in information seeking and contextual factors affecting habitual information seeking. Results. Many of the investigations on information-seeking habits approach them in terms of the frequency of information source use. Second, such habits are characterised in terms of information-seeking patterns. Third, the information practice approach directs the main attention to habits as integral constituents of people´s customary ways to seek access to information sources as a part of their daily routines. Information-seeking habits are influenced by contextual factors such as the time and place of information seeking, familiarity with information sources, and easy access to information. Conclusion. Information-seeking habits offer familiar and often efficient ways to identify and access information sources. There is a need to explore further the nature of habitual information seeking by conducting longitudinal studies charting people´s ways and motives to prefer similar sources across situations.

According to Bandura’s (1997) social cognitive theory, “the higher the sense of collective efficacy, the better the team performance”. Bandura also states that collective efficacy is greater than the sum of its individual self-efficacies due to it being influenced by other cognitive factors, including trust (1986, 1997, J Cog Psychother, 13, 158-166). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of team trust on the construct of collective efficacy within a sport context. It is proposed that team trust is an important cognitive factor that may precede the relationship between collective efficacy and group performance. With institute ethical approval (BREO:33249-A-Nov/2023-47988-1), 21 female college rugby players voluntarily completed the four factor Team Trust Scale (Costa & Anderson, 2011. Eur J Work Org Psych, 20, 119-154) and the five factor Collective Efficacy Questionnaire for Sport (Short, Sullivan. & Feltz, 2005, Meas Phys Ed Ex Sci, 9, 181-202) to measure the correlation between levels of team trust and collective efficacy and determine if team trust is indeed a valid predictor of collective efficacy. Linear regression analyses were conducted and correlation coefficients calculated using Pearson’s correlation. It was predicted that a positive correlation would be shown between the two constructs and that team trust is a significant predictor of collective efficacy. Assuming a positive hypothesis, the study recommends that rugby teams and interdependent sport teams, generally, should develop a high-quality environment of trust both on and off the pitch, given its relationship with collective efficacy and subsequent impact on performance. Relatively little research has been carried out into the effect of intrateam trust within sport and, therefore, this study serves to widen the exploration of this construct and its impact on other social constructs such as collective efficacy and their impact on team performance.

Understanding what motivates individuals to initiate and maintain engagement in physical activity is a central concern in both educational and health-related contexts. Despite a wealth of empirical data on exercise adherence and dropout, theoretical integration remains limited. This article offers a comprehensive theoretical synthesis of six well-established motivation theories: Self-Determination Theory, Achievement Goal Theory, Expectancy-Value Theory, Theory of Planned Behavior, Flow Theory, and Social Cognitive Theory with the aim of enhancing conceptual clarity and practical relevance in the domain of physical activity. Through detailed analysis and comparative evaluation, the study identifies recurring motivational constructs, including autonomy, competence, self-efficacy, task value, and experiential immersion, that contribute to individual behaviour in physical education and sport contexts. On the basis of these insights, the article proposes a Multilayered Motivation Framework that integrates psychological needs, cognitive appraisals, and experiential engagement into a dynamic and context-sensitive model. This framework underscores the interdependence of internal motives, belief systems, and environmental factors in shaping sustained physical activity behaviour. It also provides actionable recommendations for educators, coaches, and policy-makers seeking to cultivate meaningful and lasting engagement in physical activity. Finally, the article identifies theoretical and cultural limitations of the current synthesis and outlines directions for future empirical validation and adaptation in diverse populations and settings.

Doping use is considered as a deviant behavior in sport contexts, and it is necessary to recognize preventive factors to shut down the negative consequences. We proposed that athletes experiencing loss of personal significance would be more prone to doping use intentions. This pathway should occur through the effect of the enhanced predominance of obsessive (vs. harmonious) passion that such athletes experience concerning their sport activity, which, in turn, facilitates the adoption of moral disengagement strategies to find justifications for it, when they perceive that significant others approve their intention. The study relied on a cross-over design, with a convenience sample of 437 athletes recruited at four sports sciences Universities evenly distributed in Italy. Questionnaires administered contained a validated tool based on Kruglanski’s theorizing on radical and deviant behavior (e.g., Loss of Significance, Obsessive, and Harmonious passion) and deriving from social cognitive theory (e.g., Moral disengagement). Results of the study tested a serial mediation moderated model, which links the different variables to explain the influence they have on the intentions to use doping. Overall, this research suggests a motivational dynamic that may be at the heart of illicit behaviors in sport, such as using drugs-enhancing performance potentially among athletes of all kinds.

We used leadership theories and social cognitive theory to examine the association between paternalistic leadership styles and the coach–athlete relationship in sports contexts, along with the role of trust as a mediator. Participants were 312 teenage soccer players aged 13–19 years at two Chinese professional soccer schools, who completed a survey. The results show that the three dimensions of paternalistic leadership (i. e., authoritarian leadership, benevolent leadership, and moral leadership) each had different effects on the coach–athlete relationship. Benevolent leadership and moral leadership positively predicted the coach–athlete relationship, whereas authoritarian leadership did not have a significant impact. Further, trust as a cognitive process mediated the relationships between both benevolent and moral leadership styles and the coach–athlete relationship. Trust had a suppressing effect on the link between authoritarian leadership and the coach–athlete relationship. Our results complement those of past research and support the application of social cognitive theory in the context of the social psychology of sport training.

The study of social cognitive theory has involved a number of inquiries, notably one of which concerns the formation and development of self-efficacy beliefs. Social cognitive theory indicates that we form our self-efficacy beliefs from four major sources of information: enactive performance accomplishments, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion and emotional and physiological states. We advance this tenet by exploring across four occasions, and the four sources of information in the context of elementary school learning. Two cohorts of participants, at level 2 (N = 352 3rd–4th grade students) and level 3 (N = 264 5th–6th grade students), answered a Likert’s-scale inventory that we developed and used in a previous study. We proposed and tested a number of a priori models using LISREL 8.80. Furthermore, factorial invariance analyses of the inventory were performed, a posteriori, to determine the stability/instability of the four sources of information.

Review question / Objective: The purpose of this work is to systematically review the existing scientific literature on the use of participatory research approaches for the empowerment of girls and young women in physical education and sport contexts. Condition being studied: The empowerment of girls and young women in sports-physical activity contexts by means of participatory approaches. Information sources: To carry out this systematic review, a bibliographic search was carried out in eight electronic databases (Academic Search Ultimate, ERIC, MedLine, PsycInfo, Scopus, Sociology Source Ultimate, Sport-Discus and Web of Science) between the months of April and May 2021.

Introduction: Active participation of informed patients in medical decision-making is an essential component of high quality patient-centered care, particularly for individuals undergoing elective cardiac procedures. Prior studies have shown that patients have significant misperceptions about elective cardiac procedures; however, it is not known where individuals obtained the information used for making such decisions. Therefore we explored the sources of information used and their relative importance in patients with CAD who underwent an elective cardiac procedure. Methods: We analyzed data from a national cross-sectional survey of randomly sampled Medicare beneficiaries who had an elective coronary artery bypass (CABG) surgery or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in 2008. The survey contained questions assessing demographics, cardiac history, the decision-making process, knowledge, and information sources. Information sources reported were the physician, media, friends and family, and the internet. We analyzed the use of each source and the relative importance of sources. We also performed logistic regression with each source as an outcome to determine characteristics that influenced whether a source was important. Results: The survey response rate was 78% (1110/1421). After exclusions, 927 surveys were included in the analysis. Of the 865 patients (93.3%, 865/927) who reported their physician was a source of information, 91.1% (788/865) felt their physician was “very” or “extremely” important. The doctor was the only source of information for 27% (253/927) of participants, and white respondents were more likely than non-whites to rely only on the doctor (OR 3.04, 95% CI 1.46, 6.33). Although 44.4% (412/927) of respondents reported obtaining information from the media, only 20.9% (86/412) of that group rated the media as “very” or “extremely” important. A total of 72.9% (676/927) of respondents cited family and friends as a source of information; 49.1% (332/676) of those rated them as “very” or “extremely” important. White respondents were less likely than non-whites to value the media (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.19, 0.68) and family and friends as a source (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.25, 0.70). Only 12.1% (112/927) of the sample reported using the internet for information, but of those who did, 47.3% (53/112) rated it “very” or “extremely” important. Participants who graduated from college (OR 4.22, 95% CI 1.49, 11.9) and those who were under 75 (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.08, 3.71) were more likely to value the internet as a source. Conclusion: Among Medicare patients with stable CAD who have had CABG or PCI, the physician is consistently perceived as the most important source of information. Some patients also look to other sources, but the additional information is not as highly-valued as information from the physician. Therefore physicians should be aware that they are patients' primary source of information in deciding whether to undergo elective cardiac procedures. Providers should aim to provide high quality information to ensure that patients are well-informed and able to actively participate in the decision-making process.

The use and importance of specific decision-making tools, information sources, and drug-use management methods in determining drug availability and use in HMOs were studied. A questionnaire was sent to 303 randomly selected HMOs. Respondents were asked to rate their use of each of four formal decision-making tools and its relative importance, as well as the use and importance of eight information sources and 11 methods for managing drug availability and use, on a 5-point scale. The survey response rate was 28%. Approximately half of the respondents reported that their HMOs used decision analysis or multiattribute analysis in deciding on drug availability. If used, these tools were rated as very important. There were significant differences in levels of use by HMO type, membership size, and age. Journal articles and reference books were reported most often as information sources. Retrospective drug-use review was used very often and perceived to be very important in managing drug use. Other management methods were used only occasionally, but the importance placed on these tools when used ranged from moderately to very important. Older organizations used most of the management methods more often than did other HMOs. Decision analysis and multiattribute analysis were the most commonly used tools for deciding on which drugs to make available to HMO members, and reference books and journal articles were the most commonly used information sources. Retrospective and prospective drug-use reviews were the most commonly applied methods for managing HMO members' access to drugs.