Abstract
PurposeRetroflex sounds are frequently misarticulated speech sounds in India (Kaur et al., 2017). This may be due to its complex movement that involves the tongue tip to be curled backward and often in contact behind the alveolar ridge (Hamann, 2003). However, there is a paucity of acoustic studies that have measured different types of retroflex sounds in Hindi and other languages. The aim of this article is to provide information regarding the acoustic characteristics of retroflex speech sounds in Hindi and other languages.ConclusionOf all retroflex sounds, stop retroflex manner of articulation is the most studied. Formant frequencies help in distinguishing different places of articulation. Formant frequency F3 distinguishes retroflex sounds, whereas vowels play a crucial role in identifying the retroflex sound. There are insufficient acoustic data for retroflex sounds of manners different than stops (e.g., Hindi retroflex tap), which may lead to a lack of evidence-based assessment and treatment for these sounds.
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