Abstract
The earliest known Chinese bells were small clapper bells of clay and copper from the third millennium BC. Beginning with the early Bronze Age (ca. 2000 BC), however, bronze became the material of choice. We discuss early Chinese two-tone bells including nao, yongzhong, niuzhong, and bo and illustrate their vibrational behavior using holographic interferometry. We discuss the effect of various physical parameters on the spacing between the two tones. We compare temple bells from China, Japan, and Korea, including such famous bells as the the Yong-le bell in Beijing and the King Songdok bell in Korea.
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