Abstract
In this study, the reactivation and modification of the spent Residue Fluid Catalytic Cracking (RFCC) catalyst using sulfuric acid and citric acid as acids treatment was evaluated by varying the acid solution concentrations. The effect of acid types and acid-solution concentrations on structural, textural, and acidic properties of spent RFCC catalyst was observed using X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, N2-sorption and pyridine-probed Fourier transform infrared measurements. Catalytic cracking of palm oil was used to evaluate the catalytic activity of the acid-treated catalysts. All the results showed the different beneficial effects of the sulfuric acid- and citric acid- treatments on the physicochemical properties of the modified catalyst with an improvement of surface area and pore volume of catalysts as well as the crystallinity due to the metal and matrix material removal. The sulfuric acid-treated catalysts have higher Brønsted/Lewis (B/L) ratio than the citric acid treatment, while the citric acid-treated catalysts have lower B/L ratio due to the enhancement of Lewis acid site. The acid-treated catalysts showed better performance than the non-treated catalyst. The selectivity of the kerosene-diesel range product fraction increased with the acid concentrations treatment.
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