Abstract
In a review article, the achievements and problems of modifying carbon-containing electrodes for voltammetric analysis are considered. Various methods for chemical modification of electrodes are described, including methods of surface modification, volumetric modification, impregnation by in-situ and ex-situ methods. It is noted that modified electrodes with a catalytic response are increasingly used in voltammetry. This is explained by the fact that in a number of cases the catalytic currents that are caused by the included or previous chemical reaction far exceed the limiting diffusion currents, which makes it possible to increase the sensitivity of the method and to lower the lower limit of the determination by several orders of magnitude. Examples of the use of chemically modified carbon-containing electrodes in the voltammetric analysis of inorganic ions and organic substances are given.
Highlights
IntroductionThe modification of electrodes, which has become widespread in the production of electrochemical sensors, chemical sources of current (CSC), electrocatalysis, etc., is based on physical methods, including the growth of single crystal faces, ion implantation, the creation of single crystal structures, surface loosening, physical adsorption, etc
The term chemically modified electrode (CME) is referred to any electrode whose surface has been treated in this way, which changes the nature of the electrochemical respons [1]
The modification of electrodes, which has become widespread in the production of electrochemical sensors, chemical sources of current (CSC), electrocatalysis, etc., is based on physical methods, including the growth of single crystal faces, ion implantation, the creation of single crystal structures, surface loosening, physical adsorption, etc. chemical methods
Summary
The modification of electrodes, which has become widespread in the production of electrochemical sensors, chemical sources of current (CSC), electrocatalysis, etc., is based on physical methods, including the growth of single crystal faces, ion implantation, the creation of single crystal structures, surface loosening, physical adsorption, etc. CMEs are a material with conductive or semiconducting properties, coated with monomolecular ( subatomic), polymolecular, polymer, ionic layers, for this reason, the electrode exhibits electrochemical, chemical and / or optical properties of the layer. Chemical modification of the electrode is achieved by chemisorption on its surface of molecules and ions, covalent binding of various agents to surface atomic groups, surface coating with inorganic, organometallic or organic polymeric layers, creating composites from electrode material and a modifier [2;3;4]
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