Abstract
Centaurea melitensis is a cleistogamous annual plant displaying achene heteromorphism. Variation is linked to capitulum type: a) initial cleistogamous capitula produce thick achenes bearing a short pappus; b) in final cleistogamous capitula achenes are small with a short pappus; and c) chasmogamous capitula produce small achenes with a longer pappus. The present study, carried out in Córdoba (Spain), examines variability in achenes by analysis of morphology, timing, dispersal and germinative capacity, and monitors the subsequent development of seedlings at different densities. Results confirm the heterogeneous nature of the achenes produced, and suggest that Centaurea melitensis has developed a life history strategy (cleistogamy and achene heteromorphism) highly adapted to the unstable habitat (subnitrophilous pioneer pasture communities) in which it grows.
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