Abstract
Aging is characterized by a loss in muscle mass and function, which is defined as sarcopenia. It weakens individuals by increasing the risk of falls and altering their quality of life. The loss of muscle mass results from the age-related impairment of the anabolic effect of nutrients and insulin, which normally increase and decrease muscle protein synthesis and degradation rates respectively. Alterations in muscle protein metabolism have been related to the accumulation of body fat and intramyocellular lipids. In particular, some lipid species such as ceramides or diacylglycerols have been described as inhibitors of the insulin signaling pathway in different models. Accumulation of these molecules in skeletal muscle could result from a lowered buffering capacity of circulating fatty acids by adipose tissue in response to the meal, a reduction of mitochondrial oxidative capacities or chronic inflammation. However, some nutritional strategies have been identified to limit or prevent the accumulation of lipotoxic metabolites and to improve the sensitivity of muscle to nutrients or insulin.
Highlights
It is necessary to determine whether high body fat mass, is a risk factor for low skeletal muscle mass and impaired skeletal muscle metabolism, which may lead to sarcopenia and decrease the quality of life in elderly people (Zhang et al, 2019)
The present article illustrates the links between sarcopenia, the accumulation of fat mass and the implication of ectopic lipid deposition in skeletal muscle metabolic abnormalities, notably at the level of protein homeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunctions
Several studies have suggested that reduction in skeletal muscle mass and consequent sarcopenia are facilitated by decreased nutrient intake, e.g. protein intake
Summary
Age-related muscle mass reduction, as one aspect of sarcopenia, is a process characterized by a gradual loss of. Capel et al.: OCL 2019, 26, 24 visceral depots (Stevens et al, 2010) This agerelated increase in total body fat has been demonstrated previously (Scott et al, 2018), little is known about its role in muscle mass loss. A non-exhaustive list of applicable nutritional strategies, aiming at preserving muscle protein mass and metabolic homeostasis in elderly subjects is presented
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