Accessibility of public charging infrastructure for electric vehicles across Central European countries: a geospatial analysis

Development of a methodology to determine NOx-saving-potentials through the buildup of public charging infrastructure for electric vehicles

Electric mobility has gained much interest in the automotive industry and among commercial customers. A well-developed charging infrastructure is a fundamental requirement to meet the rising demand for electricity. The aim of this contribution is to demonstrate how optimization can be used for the extension of public charging infrastructure for electric vehicles (EVs). The suitability of conversion from combustion engines to EVs for commercial customers is evaluated for different scenarios. The impact of an expanded charging infrastructure is measured by a multi-objective genetic algorithm. The location and type of charging stations is optimized with respect to the number of failed trips, due to empty batteries, and the total cost of infrastructure. Assuming that the usage of commercial vehicles ist unaltered when switching to EVs, travel data from commercial vehicles with combustion engines may serve as a starting point for the optimization of the charging infrastructure. The resulting pareto front may support decision makers in placing optimal public charging stations.

A Combined Planning and Design approach (CPD) for a Public Charging Infrastructure (PCI) for Electric Vehicles (EVs) is presented in this paper. The aim is defining the displacement of charging infrastructures for easing early EV diffusion. The proposed CPD consists in a traffic/parking model that estimates the charging demand of potential EV owners for a given scenario. A coarse distribution of Charging Stations (CSs) over the selected Zones of Interest (ZOIs) is achieved at first, by taking into account the charging demand coverage. Subsequently, PCI structure is further and sequentially refined in order to comply with both urban and power system constraints, by minimizing installation cost at the same time. The proposed CPD is being employed for designing the PCI of the Italian island of Sardinia in order to support the adoption of EVs for commuting; its effectiveness is shown by some preliminary results that refer to a portion of the overall PCI.

The city of Berlin has significantly expanded public charging infrastructure for electric vehicles. As a result of this investment, real-world charging data for the city of Berlin are available for the first time. In addition to other metrics, this dataset contains specific information about carsharing vehicles. This research letter offers numerous insights into public charging demand and infrastructure. The results are only now available due to a sufficient fleet size of electric vehicles.The analysis shows that the distribution of charging stations is very unequal in Berlin. The data also show that the infrastructure network is much denser in the city center. While there is an unequal distribution of infrastructure, we see that the utilization of infrastructure is relatively equal. This reflects unequal charging demand, as can be expected based on the location of the infrastructure. We also determine that the majority of public charging events come from free-floating carsharing vehicles. The analysis of infrastructure use shows that the edge of the city center has the highest rates of stations occupied by vehicles after completing charging. Carsharing users occupy infrastructure after charging significantly more than individual private and commercial users. However, if the pricing scheme allows, individual users also occupy infrastructure after completing charging.The research letter provides several policy recommendations for the build-up and operation of charging infrastructure. These focus on charging demand from individual users, infrastructure efficiency, and carsharing operators and their business models. The results are timely as decisions on public charging infrastructure must be made now to meet electric vehicle demand.

RELEVANCE. The research aims to improve the regulatory framework governing the procedure for determining the estimated load of public buildings when integrating charging infrastructure for electric vehicles into the electrical installations of these buildings. THE PURPOSE. Determination of the schedule of electricity consumption, the coefficient of simultaneity and non-coincidence of maximums of the charging infrastructure for electric vehicles, with subsequent development of proposals for updating SP 256.1325800.2016 "Electrical installations of residential and public buildings. Design and installation rules" in terms of the methodology for determining the estimated load of public buildings when integrating charging infrastructure for electric vehicles into the electrical installations of the said buildings. METHODS. In achieving this goal, experimental, mathematical and statistical methods were used. RESULTS. A methodology for determining the coefficients of simultaneity and non-coincidence of maximums of electric vehicle charging stations has been developed, and their numerical values have been obtained depending on the type, power, and combination of simultaneously operating charging station connectors. Proposals have been developed for amending SP 256.1325800.2016 "Electrical installations of residential and public buildings. Design and installation rules" in terms of the methodology for determining the estimated electrical loads of the charging infrastructure for electric vehicles integrated into electrical installations of public buildings. CONCLUSION. The development of a methodology for calculating electrical loads simultaneously with the development of demand factors, simultaneity and the coefficient of mismatch of maximums of charging infrastructure for electric vehicles integrated into public buildings will contribute to the optimization of costs for technological connection to electrical networks.

Planning of fast charging infrastructure for electric vehicles in a distribution system and prediction of dynamic price

This article presents a dynamic spatial model of the development of a charging infrastructure for electric vehicles in the German metropolitan region of Stuttgart. The model consists of several sub-models whose functioning and interactions are explained in detail. The first sub-model simulates the time-spatial development of electric vehicle ownership. The output of this module is used by the second component that determines the resulting demand for charging stations. To quantify this demand, the necessary utilisation of charging stations to allow for the profitability of the infrastructure is calculated. A final processing step simulates the mobility of EVs throughout the Region Stuttgart, and thus allows allocating the need for charging stations in space. We used our model to generate several scenarios of the development of a charging infrastructure in the Region Stuttgart until 2020. The main finding of this work is that the number of public charging stations needed for the region in the long run is quite low. If too many charging stations are installed the infrastructure will be under-utilized and thus cannot be operated economically. The simulation runs show that the installation of public charging infrastructure should be focused on the few biggest urban centres of the region. The scenarios also show that publicly accessible charging stations form only a minor part of the overall number of charging stations. Additionally, it can be seen that the exponential growth of electric vehicle ownership, with very few vehicles at the beginning, but large gains after a few years, requires high flexibility from stakeholders involved in the implementation of charging infrastructure for electric vehicles.

Consumer preferences for public charging infrastructure for electric vehicles

Enabling role of policies to make public charging infrastructure development viable in an Indian city: A modelling-based analysis

Are consumers in China’s major cities happy with charging infrastructure for electric vehicles?

Public charging infrastructure for plug-in electric vehicles: What is it worth?

A review of the current state, challenges, opportunities and future directions for implementation of sustainable electric vehicle infrastructure in Canada

The expansion of the public charging infrastructure for electric vehicles is seen as central to the development of electric mobility in many countries. Although national studies of charging infrastructure utilization based on real-world data would be a sound basis for demand planning, such studies are scarce. Using Switzerland as an example, this study examines the spatial and temporal patterns of charging infrastructure utilization. To this end, detailed, nationwide, real-time utilization data from 3086 electric vehicle supply equipment units (EVSEs) at electric vehicle charging stations were collected over a period of several months and analyzed exploratively and statistically. The maximum average utilization rate of the EVSEs surveyed during the study period is between 14% and 16%, depending on the day of the week and time of day. Most charging occurs Monday through Friday during peak working hours and on Saturday during the day. The median utilization time is higher in the largest cities than the statewide average. Charging stations along major transit routes do not have higher utilization rates than in other locations. The results suggest that public charging infrastructure is used primarily in cities and agglomeration during work hours. The findings from this study may help plan and make better use of funding to expand charging infrastructure.

Performance status evaluation is essential for the safe running of electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure. With the development of the EV industry, the EV charging infrastructure industry has advanced considerably. Safe and reliable operation of the charging infrastructure is important for the development of EVs. As such, we propose a comprehensive evaluation method to assess the performance condition of an EV charging infrastructure. First, based on the analysis of the existing EV charging principles, we established an evaluation index system for EV charging infrastructure. Second, the subjective weight, objective weight, and comprehensive weight of the index system were determined through analytic hierarchy processes (AHP) and the entropy weight method. Then, we used fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to appraise the performance of the charging infrastructure through expert investigation. Finally, based on the actual data from an EV charger, the performance conditions of the EV charging infrastructure were evaluated to demonstrate the feasibility of the method and the reliability of the index system.

Planning public electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure has gradually become a key factor in the electrification of mobility and decarbonization of the transport sector. In order to achieve a high level of electrification in mobility, in recent years, different studies have been presented, proposing novel practices and methodologies for the planning and operation of electric vehicles charging infrastructure. In this paper, the authors present an up-to-date analysis of the existing literature in this research field, organized by considering the perspectives and objectives of the principal actors/operators of the EV public charging infrastructure value chain. Among these actors, the electric vehicle, the charging operators and service providers, and the power system infrastructure (transmission and distribution system) are analyzed in depth. By classifying the reviewed literature based on this manifold viewpoints approach, this paper aims to facilitate researchers and technology developers in exploring the state-of-the-art methodologies for each actor’s perspective, and identify conflicting interests and synergies in charging infrastructure operation and planning.