Abstract
Catalyst deactivation by coke deposition is a problem of great and continuous concern in residue hydroprocessing operations. To reach a better understanding of the very complex nature of coke it is desirable to obtain information on the amount and composition of both the insoluble (IS) and soluble (S) fractions of coke. A standard procedure, which could be adapted by all laboratories involved in investigation of spent catalysts, would make the results obtained more meaningful. Accelerated solvent extraction in comparison with Soxhlet extraction was evaluated concerning the efficiency and relevancy (recovery, experiment time and volume of solvent used) for coke extraction. The accelerated solvent extraction reached the same efficency as Soxhlet after 5 min of extraction compared with 6−12 h by using less solvent. Four solvent-defined coke fractions, such as heptane- (HEP−S), toluene- (TOL−S), tetrahydrofuran- (THF−S), and dichloromethane-soluble (DCM−S) coke, were obtained from spent catalysts used in atmo...
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