Accelerated adoption of sugar palm farming technology to supports sustainable resource utilization in North Sulawesi

Cooperation amongst resource users holds the key to overcoming the social dilemma that characterizes community-based common-pool resource management. But is cooperation alone enough to achieve sustainable resource use? The short answer is no. Developing management strategies in a complex social-ecological environment also requires ecological knowledge and approaches to deal with perceived environmental uncertainty. Recent behavioral experimental research indicates variation in the degree to which a group of users can identify a sustainable exploitation level. In this paper, we identify social-ecological micro-foundations that facilitate cooperative sustainable common-pool resource use. We do so by using an agent-based model (ABM) that is informed by behavioral common-pool resource experiments. In these experiments, groups that cooperate do not necessarily manage the resource sustainably, but also over- or underexploit. By reproducing the patterns of the behavioral experiments in a qualitative way, the ABM represents a social-ecological explanation for the experimental observations. We find that the ecological knowledge of each group member cannot sufficiently explain the relationship between cooperation and sustainable resource use. Instead, the development of a sustainable exploitation level depends on the distribution of ecological knowledge among the group members, their influence on each other’s knowledge, and the environmental uncertainty the individuals perceive. The study provides insights about critical social-ecological micro-foundations underpinning collective action and sustainable resource management. These insights may inform policy-making, but also point to future research needs regarding the mechanisms of social learning, the development of shared management strategies and the interplay of social and ecological uncertainty.

discussed among the widerpublic. Pressure points in-cluding climate change,waterandfoodavailability,price surges for strategicraw materials, and peakingglobal oil supply are con-verging rapidly in an un-precedented manner. Thecurrent global patterns ofproduction and consump-tion are hitting the reallimitsofglobalecosystems.The global economy seems to be at a turningpoint where decisions are urgent while informa-tion is incomplete.The urgency of addressing issues of industrialmetabolism

Farming technology will be successful if farmers adopt it correctly. The research aims to determine the level of farmers’ adoption of lowland rice farming technology. The research location was in Bolaang Mongondow Regency in October 2022, using a survey technique of 30 lowland rice farmers. Adoption data were analyzed descriptively and Spearman’s correlation statistic test. The results of the correlation test showed that there was a negative relationship between the adoption of technology components and age and education, but was positive for farming experience, land area, innovation characteristics. The information channel correlation is not significantly related at the level of α = 0.05 with the technology component adopted, this means that there are many information channels that can be utilized but farmers do not directly apply the technology obtained. Meanwhile, the adoption of lowland rice technology components, namely harvest handling - post-harvest, was 96.67%, the use of NSV and intermittent irrigation was 90% each, and other technological components were below 80%. The government has an important role in introducing technological innovations by adjusting the level of needs and whereabouts of farmers to technological components so that they can be adopted for the expected increase in productivity.

Sustainable forest management aims to maintain and enhance the economic, social and environmental value of all types of forests, for the benefit of present and future generations. In Swaziland, despite the existence of numerous local, national, regional and international policies and legislation, sustainable forest management is far fetched. The objective of this paper was to review previous studies on policy reviews, the current status of the non-timber forest products (NTFP) sector, community consultations on resource use and management, user surveys to determine the actual quantities of harvested and utilized edible and medicinal NTFPs, and economic analyses for their direct use value, and inventory and economic valuation of standing stock of various NTFPs. Ulimatelty, this paper has made policy recommendations for the development of a theoretical framework for the sustainable management of NTFPs at the local, national, regional and international levels. This theoretical framework is divided into a set of eleven strategies. These are: Information and social communication; secure rights and access to products from natural forests and woodlands; adoption of innovative policies, revising and updating legislation and elaborating national forestry programmes; development and implementation of national level criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management; project planning and control techniques; local level guidelines for sustainable NTFP management; conservation and financing mechanisms; collaboration and networking between all institutions involved in research and development of NTFPs; institutional strengthening and capacity building; education and training at all levels of community structures; and research and development. Key words: Non-timber forest products (NTFPs), policy, strategy, policies, legislation, economic valuation, sustainable management, assessment, sustainable resource use.

The rapid population and industrial growth in Zimbabwe has resulted in land degradation and negative impacts on the human and physical environment. The primary purpose of this chapter was to find out the various indigenous environmental management practices available in Chimanimani that can be adopted by other communities in the conservation and sustainable use of resources. Secondly, the study explored Indigenous Knowledge (IK) and environmental management practices that can be integrated in the teaching of Geography in secondary schools, in order to ensure there is sustainable use of resources for the current and future generations. The study was guided by Edward Said (1978) post-colonial theory. An interpretive research paradigm was adopted in the community case study. Data were generated through a documentary analysis of the Form 1–4 (2015–2022) Geography syllabus, individual and group WhatsApp chats with Geography teachers and face-to-face interviews with community indigenous environment experts. The population sample consisted of ten (10) Geography teachers drawn from three (3) secondary schools and (6) community elders who were purposively sampled from the Chimanimani community. Data were analysed by generating thick descriptions and themes. The study revealed that the Chimanimani community has cultural practices that can be adopted in the conservation of resources. The research further exposed that IK related to environmental management can be integrated in the teaching of Geography in secondary schools in order to enhance sustainable use and environmental management of resources. The study recommends the integration of Indigenous and Eurocentric models in the conservation and sustainable management of resources. The incorporation of more indigenous environmental management practices in the Geography curriculum in secondary schools can help to inculcate a culture of environmental conservation among learners and communities.KeywordsIndigenous Knowledge (IK)IntegrationEnvironmental ManagementChimanimani communityGeographySustainable

The topic of a sustainable use of natural resources, often understood as resource efficiency, has made its way up on the political agenda. But so far a fundamental change towards a sustainable use of resources has not been achieved. Not only the resource consumption is still growing and destroying more and more the ecosystems but also too often the exploitation of natural resources is still a story of violation of human rights and of intra- and intergenerational unfairness. This chapter describes in a first step the current resource policy landscape, then identifies challenges on the way to further progress and finally outlines next steps for addressing the challenges of the management of natural resources in the context of sustainable development. The analysis of the resource policy landscape shows three clusters of resource policies. The more operational the approaches are the more they are neglecting the inter-linkages amongst the various natural resources and/or the general requirements of sustainability. The challenge is to broaden the perspective of these more implementation oriented resource efficiency concepts into approaches which manage natural resources within a framework of sufficiency, fairness and responsibility, consistency and resilience. Important steps are seen in deeply rooting these principles into the public and private sector, in changing the institutional settings towards a more sustainable resource management. But also in a more systemic thinking, which addresses the nexus of the various resources and in implementing sustainable resource use in the civil society as a practice of daily life.

It is essential to understand and recognize the role that environmental resources such as forest goods and services play in the provision of income to peoples’ livelihoods (especially the poor and marginalized communities). The purpose of this paper is to give a concise account and scientific basis of the importance of the phenomenon of valuation of environmental goods and services which is manifested in two ways. Firstly, it helps policymakers in designing and implementing effective sustainable livelihoods and poverty reduction strategies. Secondly, the size and nature of environmental values have implications for issues of conservation and sustainable resource use. This paper outlines the contemporary models and approaches of valuing the direct use benefits, indirect use benefits and intermediate use services of the forest as an ecosystem and not a mechanical body to produce goods and services for income generation, overlooking the fundamental principles of sustainable forest management and sustainable development. Shortcomings and remedial measures of valuation methods are also summarized. Through appreciating the total value of the forest resources, national governments and local communities would be able to promote sustainable forest resource use across all strata of society and incorporate the value of natural forests and woodlands in their System of National Accounts to avoid unnecessary conversion of forests into other development projects. Key words: Forest goods and services, natural woodland, sustainable, economic valuation, user surveys, non-use values.

Sustainable Investment and Resource Use: Equity, Environmental Integrity, and Economic Efficiency Irwin Weintraub Agriculture Resource Librarian, Library of Science and Medicine, Rutgers University, P.O. Box 1029, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1029 USA. TEL: 908-932-3526 Young, M.D. (Michael Dennis). Sustainable Investment and Resource Use: Equity, Environmental Integrity, and Economic Efficiency (Man and the Biosphere Series, Volume 9). Paris: UNESCO; Pearl River, NY (Formerly: Park Ridge, NJ): Parthenon Publishing Group, 1992. 176 pp. US$65.00 ISBN 1-85070-381-7. Degradation of the environment and depletion of the world's natural resources is a global problem facing both rich and poor nations. Future population increases, and the continued use of natural resources to meet the needs of an expanding world, place a strain on the resource base and jeopardize future sustainability of the ecosystem. Sustainable Investment and Resource Use is a study commissioned by UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere Programme to examine the use of natural resources and the components involved in resource use investment. According to Young, resource-right policies are preferable to policies based upon command and control. If resource-right systems are well-designed, the public will find a diversity of ways to invest in resource use and will adopt strategies that avoid the failures of well-intentioned government programs. The author offers alternatives to current use patterns and policy changes designed to stimulate investment in sustainable resources. Young focuses on three policy goals - Environmental Integrity, Economic Efficiency, and Equity (the three E's). Environmental integrity involves recognition of the functions of ecosystems and responses to dynamics of change and use. Economic efficiency requires that internal and external costs be imposed upon users of the resources by taking into account the distribution of wealth, resource rights, and institutional arrangements. Equity is concerned with distribution of benefits, incomes, and profits and the tradeoffs between individual decisions and the collective impact on society. Investments in resource use by governments or the private sector should reflect policies that enhance the protection of scarce resources and improve future prospects. Young encourages governments to adopt ecologically astute policies that will stimulate investment in resource use. By changing the way societies view their resource base and by implementation of the appropriate restraints, compromises and regulations, sustainability can be achieved and maintained. A set of thirty three prescriptions for remedying the ills of resource misuse are discussed. Young points out that economic concepts of resource use comprise institutional arrangements and human behavior patterns that effect the production and distribution of goods and services for the society as a whole. In his view, there is a need for changes in the macroeconomic and microeconomic policies regarding resource use. In macroeconomic approaches, a country can increase the scale of economic activity and average per capita welfare through a variety of economic activities that allow the environment to accommodate population increases without depleting resource stocks or environmental quality. Microeconomic approaches involve changes in the market structure which require users and abusers of the environment to pay for benefits and services and compensate beneficiaries of favorable environments for

The quest for transparency spans countries, policymakers, NGOs, and industries.Transparency can be defined as disclosing to the public, in a timely and reliable manner, information that governments and/or corporations previously con-sidered confidential. Recent examples include the Carbon Disclosure Project,the Aarhus convention on access to environmental information, the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety and its provisions on global genetically modified organism flows, and a wide array of financial information (e.g., in the G8 declaration of Lough Erne in 2013). Stemming from the “right to know,”advocates from NGOs and development organizations view transparency as a cure for corruption and a benefit for democratic accountability; transparency should lead to stakeholder empowerment and improve legitimacy, learning, investment certainty, and better governance. In this article I look at the efforts to establish financial transparency as a norm for the extractive sector. This sector is important because its activities are accompanied by a high level of corruption, especially in resource-rich developing countries. I show that those efforts are not enough and there is good evidence to demand more. I argue that such transparency norms should be extended to environmental pressures in order to facilitate progress on the circular economy and resource efficiency. My conclusions point at synergies between knowledge generation across financial and environmental information.

The article discusses key aspects to be considered for the orientation of sustainable resource policies. Resource management at the local scale needs to be supplemented by governmental action in order to adjust production and consumption toward acceptable levels of global resource use. What is acceptable is being informed by scientific findings on environmental degradation and relevant cause–effect relationships. However, the desired state of the environment, the tolerable level of uncertainties about environmental impacts, risks of societal conflicts, and ethical considerations all involve normative considerations. Policy decisions for sustainable global resource use must be taken on the basis of imperfect information. A wider systems perspective, longer time horizon, and broader involvement of available knowledge could provide a sufficiently valid basis to derive directionally safe targets. Possible proxy targets for global biotic and abiotic resource use, considering land, biodiversity, and water issues, are presented on a per-person basis for 2050 for further discussion and research. These values could be used to assess the resource footprints of countries with regard to sustainability, providing orientation for governments and industry.

The pressure on natural resources including water, energy and land is continuously growing through changes in climate and land use. Representatives of academia, industry, governments and society need to join forces in order to develop new pathways towards sustainable natural resource use and management. Such pathways start from the basic idea that natural resources are finite and interlinked and that human activities can affect these resources and links, with partly irreversible effects. We combine the water−energy−land nexus and the climate services concept and present a cross-sectoral approach of knowledge co-creation to inform natural resource use and management. The approach is tested in three case studies across Europe that face different challenges resulting from climate and socio-economic change. We present the process, applied methods and major results of knowledge co-creation for sustainable natural resource use and management, and we reflect on the challenges and opportunities from engaging multiple stakeholders. Even if a comprehensive, cross-sectoral approach encourages embedding the water−energy−land nexus into climate services and allows the development of pathways towards sustainable natural resource use and management, maintaining these achievements and partnerships beyond the lifetime of a research project remains challenging.

Challenges and opportunities of knowledge co-creation for the water-energy-land nexus

Sustainable investment and resource use. Equity, environmental integrity and economic efficiency: Man adn the Biosphere Series, No. 9. By M. D. Young. Parthenon Publishing, Carnforth, Lancs, 1992, 176 pp. ISBN 1 85070 381 7. Price: £35

PROTOCOL: Incentives for climate mitigation in the land use sector: a mixed-methods systematic review of the effectiveness of payment for environment services (PES) on environmental and socio-economic outcomes in low- and middle-income countries.

This study takes the title "Evaluation of Regional Operational Policies to Resolve Poverty (ODSK) in North Sulawesi Province." This research is a description of the current evaluation of policies for accelerating poverty reduction in North Sulawesi Province, including mainly in terms of regulations, institutions, and human resources. in the ODSK Policy. The purpose of this study was to find out and analyze how Regional Operational Policies to Solve Poverty in North Sulawesi, with challenges and obstacles in the process, especially for Regulation, ODSK Institutional Position, and Evaluation of Human Resources. The research method used by the author is an exploratory method with data analysis through an inductive approach. The way to collect data is by means of interviews and documentation. Based on the results of the analysis by the author, it turns out that the Regional Operations Policy to Solve Poverty in North Sulawesi still has a lot to improve and is not as optimal as expected, in terms of regulations that need and can be upgraded to regional regulations, then the optimal form of coordination team structure is in accordance with Permendagri No. . 53 of 2020, as well as the use of Human Resources that can still be improved all of which to achieve appropriate and accurate results.Furthermore, in the future, it is hoped that this ODSK program and policy can continue to a better level, if it gets a stronger and binding legal umbrella, so that the implementation of ODSK can be more integrated, and synergize at the District and City levels throughout North Sulawesi Province, as well as A more efficient team after adjusting to the existing regulations, for the sake of the acceleration of good poverty reduction throughout the North Sulawesi region.