Abstract
The red palm mite Raoiella indica Hirst has recently invaded the Neotropical region, which demands the implementation of pest management strategies. In this study, toxicity of leaf extracts of Mexican oregano Lippia berlandieri Schauer, neem Azadirachta indica A. Juss, Mexican mint Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng., rue Ruta graveolens L. and Persian lime Citrus x latifolia Tanaka against R. indica was evaluated under laboratory conditions. Raoiella indica females were exposed to each plant extract at concentrations of 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1% (v/v) to assess the cumulative mortality at 24, 48 and 72 h after exposure. Mortality rates of R. indica rose due to increased extract concentration and exposure time. The strongest acaricidal activity was observed with L. berlandieri, A. indica and P. amboinicus, whose 1% concentration and 72 h exposure caused a mean R. indica mortality of 100, 90 and 78%, respectively. These plant extracts hold promise for the chemical management of this pest
Highlights
The red palm mite, Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae), is a pest that attacks economically important crops such as coconut palm Cocos nucifera L., bananas and plantains Musa spp., some species of ornamental palms and heliconias (Carrillo et al, 2012)
Biological materials Coconut palm C. nucifera leaflets naturally infested by R. indica were collected in the Experimental Field of the Academic Division of Agricultural Sciences of the Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco), at Km 25 of the RUIZ-JIMENEZ, K.Z. et al Plant extracts against Raoiella indica
The strongest acaricidal activity against R. indica was observed in the extracts of L. berlandieri, A. indica and P. amboinicus at dilutions of 0.75 and 1%, whose mortalities were ≥ 78% at 72 h of exposure (Fig. 1c, d)
Summary
The red palm mite, Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae), is a pest that attacks economically important crops such as coconut palm Cocos nucifera L., bananas and plantains Musa spp., some species of ornamental palms and heliconias (Carrillo et al, 2012). Major infestations of R. indica have been found in the Caribbean islands, Mexico, Florida (USA), Venezuela, Colombia and Brazil (Kane et al, 2012). This species was first detected in Mexico in November 2009 (NAPPO, 2009). For the chemical control of this pest, spraying of the acaricides abamectin, acequinocyl, amitraz, spirodiclofen and elemental sulfur is recommended (SENASICA, 2018). It is indicated not to spray the same active ingredient more than twice consecutively and to rotate products with different modes of action to avoid resistance of this pest. The use of plant extracts, with proven acaricidal efficacy, may be a lower risk and environmental impact option for chemical control of this pest (SENASICA, 2018)
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