Abstract MP32: Healthy Dietary Patterns Are Associated With The Gut Microbiome In The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study Of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)

Abstract

Introduction: Dietary patterns high in healthy plant foods play an important role in modulating the gut microbiome and promoting cardiometabolic health. Little is known on the diet-gut microbiome relationship in U.S. Hispanics/Latinos, who have a high burden of obesity and diabetes. Hypothesis: Three healthy dietary patterns - the alternate Mediterranean diet (aMED), the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015, and the healthful Plant-based Diet Index (hPDI), will be associated with gut microbiome composition in U.S. Hispanic/Latino adults, and healthy-diet-related species will be related to favorable cardiometabolic traits. Methods: HCHS/SOL is a multi-site community-based cohort. At baseline (2008-11), diet was assessed via two 24-hr recalls. Shotgun sequencing was performed on stool samples collected in 2014-17 (n=2,985). Analysis of Compositions of Microbiomes 2 (ANCOM2) was used to identify associations of dietary pattern scores with gut microbiome species and functions, adjusting for sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical covariates. Results: Better diet quality according to multiple healthy dietary patterns was associated with higher abundance of species from class Clostridia, including [Eubacterium] eligens , Butyrivibrio crossotus , and Lachnospiraceae bacterium TF01-11 , as well as functions related to fiber fermentation (e.g. pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase). Poorer diet quality was associated with higher abundance of Acidaminococcus intestini , as well as functions of manganese/iron transport, adhesin protein transport, and nitrate reduction. Healthy diet pattern-enriched Clostridia species were related to more favorable cardiometabolic traits such as lower triglycerides ( Figure 1 ). Conclusions: Healthy dietary patterns in this population are associated with a fiber-fermenting gut microbiome, consistent with previous studies in other racial/ethnic groups. Gut microbiota may be involved in the beneficial effect of higher diet quality on cardiometabolic disease risk.