Abstract C022: Clinical, morphological, and immunohistochemical characterization of Nigerian prostatic adenocarcinomas: Current challenges and promising global initiatives

Abstract

Abstract (A) AN INTRODUCTORY SENTENCE INDICATING THE PURPOSES OF THE STUDY: Prostate cancer, a major leading cancer among men worldwide, still poses a considerable medical and public health challenge in many parts of the world. Despite advances in screening and multimodal management of this disease, overall survival remains poor. The need to identify tumour markers as indicators for prognosis and targets for new therapeutic strategies, still remains a major challenge in prostate carcinoma research. The present study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital at Uyo, South-South Nigeria to assess the expression of Ki-67 and p53 in histologically proven cases of prostatic carcinoma and to evaluate any correlation between the two as well as correlating the expression of both markers with tumour grading and scoring. (B) A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PERTINENT EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES: The study was conducted on120 histopathologically proven cases of prostate carcinoma received in ourTeaching Hospital, Uyo, South South Nigeria. Formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue blocks of prostate adenocarcinoma of those patients with complete clinical details were retrieved, stained and analysed for p53 and Ki67 proteins using immunohistochemistry. The results were analyzed. (C) A SUMMARY OF THE NEW, UNPUBLISHED DATA: The mean age of the prostate cancer patients was 61.7 years + 4.5 (range: 45–96 years). The most common pattern of Gleason grade seen was Group 5 (5+4) constituting 46.0% of the total cases while the Gleason score of 8-9 was the most predominant, constituting 65.0% of the total cases. The p53 positivity was observed in 31.0% of cases with percentage positive cells varying from 3-44% with mild, moderate and strong staining intensity. It was observed that with increase in the grade and score the number of cases showing positivity also increased with statistical significance seen with the same (p<0.05). The Ki-67 positivity was also observed in 10.0% of cases with percentage positive cells varying from 2-24% with moderate and strong staining intensity. It was observed that with increase in the grade and score the number of cases showing positivity also increased but no statistical significance was seen with the same. Five cases (3.3%) were positive for both p53 and Ki-67. Of the 5 cases of prostatic carcinoma positive for both Ki-67 and p53, 4 were seen in high grade tumours (80.0%) and there was statistical significance observed with increase in grade and score ((p<0.05).(D) CONCLUSIONS: The present study highlighted that the immunohistochemical expression of Ki-67 and p53 in prostate carcinoma was lower when compared to other studies. They also permit development of prognostic factors as their expression increases with increase in the grade and score as well as offering of appropriate targeted treatment leading to increase in the survival time. It is hoped that research in unraveling biology of prostatic adenocarcinomas among patients of African Ancestry (AA) and Caucasian Ancestry (CA) using more biomarkers will be carried out in the future. Citation Format: Emmanuel Kunle Abudu, Agility Ukyi-Osuwa Obi-Ihesie, Ikwo Jonathan Kudamnya, Oluwasayo Omolara Abudu. Clinical, morphological, and immunohistochemical characterization of Nigerian prostatic adenocarcinomas: Current challenges and promising global initiatives [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr C022.