Abstract
ABO blood grouping is an important antigenic blood typing tools in blood transfusion and organ transplants. Mismatching of blood during transfusion would lead to undesired transfusion reactions. Due to rare occurrence of rare blood group such as A2 subtype, regular blood grouping technique would have missed the identification of blood group. In this study, the identification of A2 subgroup using routine serological technique was validated via DNA sequencing technique. A total of 656 students participated in this study consist of Malay (87.0 %), Chinese (0.4 %), Indian (11.4 %) and others ethnic group (0.9%) respectively. Monoclonal antisera A, B, AB, D, A1 lectin and H lectin were used to identify the antigen on red blood cells. DNA sequence analysis was applied to examine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at position 467 (substitution of C>T) and 1061 (deletion of C) on coding region of ABO gene. Our findings showed of 656 blood samples, 256 (39.0%) were blood group O, 190 (29.0%) were blood group B, 179 (27.3%) were blood group A and 31(4.7%) were blood group AB. The frequency of A1 subgroup is 177 (99.0%) and A2 subgroup is 2 (1.0%). From 179 A blood group, only 2 samples showed negative reaction towards anti-A1 lectin. DNA sequence analysis revealed the SNPs at nucleotide 1061 position in sample 2, however sample 1 did not have this mutation and the subgroup was not identified. DNA sequencing provides a precise and high accuracy in identification of A subgroups.
Highlights
ABO blood grouping is an important antigenic blood typing tools in blood transfusion and organ transplants
Our findings showed of 656 blood samples, 256 (39.0%) were blood group O, 190 (29.0%) were blood group B, 179 (27.3%) were blood group A and 31(4.7%) were blood group AB
DNA sequence analysis revealed the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at nucleotide 1061 position in sample 2, this mutation was absence in sample 1, suggesting presence of another mutation that may result in the A2 phenotype
Summary
ABO blood grouping is an important antigenic blood typing tools in blood transfusion and organ transplants. DNA sequence analysis revealed the SNPs at nucleotide 1061 position in sample 2, this mutation was absence in sample 1, suggesting presence of another mutation that may result in the A2 phenotype. A year later, the less frequent AB blood group was included as the fourth blood type. He received the Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine in 1930 for his work (Schwarz, 2003). The blood groups were the results of the presence or absence of naturally occurring antigen on the surface of RBCs as well as antibodies against them in the serum. A blood donor cannot transfuse their RBCs into the B blood recipient serum
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