ABOUT THE HISTORICAL PREREQUISITES OF THE FORMATION OF PUBLIC SAFETY CENTERS IN THE CONDITIONS OF UKRAINE

Abstract

The purpose of publication is analysis of literary and archival sources in order to establish the historical stages of the formation of the Service of Emergency Situations, ascertaining of its main tasks, and mainly to identify the features of the structural and functional organization of historical prototypes for modern centers of public safety. In general, the process of formation and development of the fire protection system, its transformation into an emergency service has so deep roots, starting with the laws of the state Kievan Rus until today. An analysis of the development of the fire service on the example of separate cities of Ukraine showed, that in the process of its development it was placed in buildings of sacred (churches) and administrative (town halls) purpose. Later, a single network of a separate type of architectural objects was gradually formed (watchtowers, fire stations), which were expanding according to the development of the city. Buildings where fire service personnel were placed, contained all the necessary means for notifying the population, quick reaction, and counter measuring in the case of an emergency situation and updated with the advent of modern technologies. It should be noted separately that during certain periods of fire protection development this service was located together with the police service, which is an important prerequisite for the formation of a structural and functional organization of modern centers of public safety. Also noteworthy is the fact that the civilian population was involved in fire protection on a voluntary basis. In general, we can say that during the development of the fire service of Ukraine prototypes of networks of public safety centers in cities already existed, but they were not considered as a separate typological group of architectural and urban planning objects. Historically, it happened that the fire service, and in the 20th century - also the civil defense service (which initially was developing separately), during the last decade were united into a single state structure – SESU. The main stages (periods) of the development of which begin with the historical period (before 1494) and end with the modern period of development (arrangement of SESU) from 2012 to the present time.