About pejorative vocabulary in the fiction of A.P. Gaidar

Abstract

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the pejorative vocabulary in the fiction of the famous Soviet writer, classic of children's literature Arkady Petrovich Gaidar. Much attention is paid to various approaches to words expressing human emotions and their place in linguistics.Methods. To achieve the purpose and objectives of the study, various methods used in the study of idiolects and individual lexical groups were used: quantitative, descriptive, comparative.The results of the study showed that pejorative vocabulary occupies a special place in various languages of the world, with the help of it not only the qualities and actions of a person are exposed, but also irony is expressed in relation to the object of speech. The language of A.P. Gaidar's fiction is rich in colloquial colloquial words, among which the pejoratives stand out. These words are actively used in the speech of both adult characters and children in the works of the writer. With the help of pejorative vocabulary, characters express various emotions: from anger to kind ridicule. Special attention is paid to the fact that the subject of Arkady Gaidar's work changes depending on the events that took place in his life. Accordingly, the number and variety of swear words used in his works are changing. In the first period of creativity, where the author describes the brutal events of the Civil War, the pejoratives expressing anger, rage, and neglect are numerically superior to the same words used in the second period. In the works that tell about the peaceful and peaceful life of a person, swear words most often express irony, behind a negative emotion at first glance hides a kind attitude towards a person. Children's speech is the most indicative in this regard. In addition, Gaidar's works are characterized by the repeated use of single-root pejoratives.Conclusion. The conducted research has shown that the use of pejorative vocabulary helps the writer to show the relationship of the characters, their characters, qualities. In addition, the use of swear words helps to create an atmosphere of relaxed and simple life for an ordinary person, which is definitely a Gaidar method in literature.