Abstract
Background The role of ABL1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still unclear. Therefore, this study aims to explore the potential role of ABL1 in the progression of HCC using bioinformatics methods. Methods We analyzed the expression, prognostic potential, and immune cell effect of ABL1 in HCC by using a variety of datasets. Results ABL1 is highly expressed in HCC and associated with unfavorable overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Functional network analysis revealed that ABL1 plays an important role in mitochondrial activity, ATP metabolism, protein translation and metabolism, various neurological diseases, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and notch signaling pathway. In addition, we found that ABL1 expression was closely correlated with B cells, CD8 + T cells, CD4 + T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. Furthermore, ABL1 expression was positively associated with the expression levels of immune checkpoint genes, such as PD-1L, TIM3, TIGIT, and CTLA4. Conclusion ABL1 is associated with immune infiltration and prognosis of HCC.
Highlights
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver tumor and the second most common risk factor for cancer death worldwide [1]
We performed a subgroup analysis based on age, sex, cancer stage, and TP53 mutation status (Figure 2) and found that Abelson tyrosine-protein kinase 1 (ABL1) expression was significantly higher in HCC patients than in healthy people
Immune infiltration is closely related to tumor progression. erefore, we evaluated the effect of ABL1 expression on immune infiltrating cells in liver cancer using CIBERSORT. e proportions of 22 immune cell subgroups are shown in Figure 6. e results showed that B cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, mast cells, monocytes, NK cells, CD4 cells, and CD8 cells are significantly affected by ABL1 expression
Summary
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver tumor and the second most common risk factor for cancer death worldwide [1]. In China, approximately 400,000 people die from liver cancer each year, accounting for more than 50% of the global liver cancer death rate [2]. The incidence of liver cancer will continue to rise in the 20 years [3]. HCC prevention and treatment have become an urgent problem for the global medical community. HCC are often diagnosed when the cancer has already advanced or metastasized. Great progress has been made in the comprehensive clinical treatment of HCC, the prognosis of patients with advanced liver cancer is still poor [4]
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