Abandonment, stigmatisation, and securitisation in the aftermath of the Grenfell Tower fire

Article 12: Defining the Term Statee (Part III of the Constitution of India, 1950)

With the increasing attention paid to environmental protection and sustainable development in various countries worldwide, the relationship between local government competition and environmental governance has become more subtle and complex. This paper provides new insight into their relationship based on public value theory and media sentiment perspective. Utilizing panel data from 2012 to 2019 in 216 cities in China, this study integrated Data Envelopment Analysis, Conflicting Attitudes Model, Computer-Aided Text Analysis, and machine learning-based sentiment analysis, as well as nonlinear mediation model to empirically test the relationships among local governments’ competition pressure, public value conflict, media sentiments, and environmental governance performance. The study found that: (1) Competition pressure and environmental governance performance exist in a “U-curved” relationship. (2) The core mechanism of the above relationship lies in the mediating role of public value conflict. Within a specific range, the public value conflict faced by local governments increases as competition pressure increases. This conflict would push local governments into a dilemma and induce them to commit misconduct. However, when competition pressure exceeds this range, the public value conflict faced by local governments will be weakened, leading environmental governance performance to rebound. (3) Negative media sentiments significantly alleviate the negative impact of public value conflict on environmental governance performance. This study helps researchers and policymakers recognize government competition’s influence on environmental governance from a public value perspective, with further exploration and confirmation of the moderating role of media sentiments. It also provides theoretical and policy enlightenment for rethinking the behavior logic of local government and solving the dilemma of local government environmental governance.

Perceptions and responses to urban flood risk: Implications for climate governance in the South

This paper attempted to present policy implications by reviewing the sustainability of local government ESG administration and evaluating resident satisfaction. To this end, the necessity of introducing ESG management and administration and the components of environment(E), society(S), and governance(G) were reviewed. In addition, we investigated how ESG administrative activities affect local governments' sustainability and residents' satisfaction. A survey method was used targeting local residents and public officials, and influential factors and implications for ESG administration were discovered through various analyses. First, among environmental, social, and governance issues in local government ESG activities, the environment(E) field is closely related to the daily lives of local residents, such as climate crisis, energy, and greenhouse gases (fine dust), so it receives more attention from residents than other issues. I was focused. Second, the social(S) field has a strong relationship with local quality of life(QOL) conditions. Issues that are causing difficulties include population issues, decline, regional extinction, and human relations. If each local government can solve population, birth, and extinction problems, satisfaction will increase accordingly. Third, governance(G) issues were analyzed more highly than social(S) issues, which is due to the increase in local governments' civil complaint response administration and resident participation projects. It was also found that local government heads spend a lot of time responding to and processing civil complaints. In order to strengthen local governments' ESG administrative activities, it is necessary to establish specific guidelines for governance establishment and operation and institutionalize continuous performance inspection.

Population decline, welfare state reforms and austerity measures pressurise the liveability of rural areas in the Netherlands and call upon local governments and communities to adapt and renew their mode of governance. This paper reports on three Dutch experimental governance arrangements which are analysed through the lens of Evolutionary Governance Theory. The study focuses on how decision-making roles change while these arrangements unfold and how the three municipalities institutionalise these changes in the course of time. The study produces three main conclusions. First, the readiness and preparedness of local governments to shift decision-making roles with citizens proved to be of main influence on governance change. Second, local residents’ commitment importantly affected the progress of the experiments, while social cohesion and tangible outputs strongly influenced the extent and continuity of such commitment. Third, although the arrangements took place in the same period of time and abovementioned context, the level of institutionalisation of shifting roles between government and residents differed among the cases. Certain pathways of evolving decision-making roles seem to be more stable than others. It is in this area that the extent of both formal and informal institutionalisation seems to play an important role.

Since gaining independence in 1957, Malaysia has classified employees in various public services as civil servants. Statutory bodies and local authorities were later established to provide specific public services, and their employees were placed under the Employees Provident Fund (EPF) contribution scheme instead of the government pension scheme due to the lack of constitutional amendments. Following the Harun Salary Commission’s recommendations in 1975, these employees were given the choice between the pension scheme and the EPF scheme, with most opting for the pension scheme. This preference has placed significant financial strain on the government's pension resources. To alleviate this burden, current efforts aim to encourage government servants to choose the EPF scheme and consider placing future recruits under this scheme. This study aims to identify the factors influencing statutory bodies and local authority employees to opt for the government pension scheme despite the availability of the EPF scheme. Utilizing the Life-Cycle Theory to understand general savings behavior and the Theory of Planned Behavior to examine decision-making processes, a quantitative approach was employed. Data were collected via a questionnaire survey with 176 respondents from statutory bodies and local authorities in Kota Kinabalu. The PLS-SEM model was used to analyze the data, testing validity and reliability against Common Method Bias. The results indicated that Subjective Norms and Perceived Behavioral Control positively influenced the choice of retirement scheme, while Attitude did not. These findings highlight the role of social influences and perceived control in retirement decision-making.

<h3>Background</h3> Media reports may influence criminal behavior that leads to violence against doctors. Little is known about the characteristics of media reports on patient violence against their doctors. <h3>Methods</h3> Based on the international and domestic guidelines for media reports, we developed a checklist to assess adherence of Chinese media reports to recommended principles. We adopted a seed approach to search influential violence stories. Reports were assessed using the unified coding scheme by different coders; the conflicts between raters were resolved through discussion. <h3>Results</h3> In total, 17,222 media reports were captured; 788 met inclusion criteria. 49.5% and 52.7% of 788 included reports mentioned real and complete names of writer and editor, respectively. of 329 reports including quotes or opinions from doctors, patients, and hospital administrative personnel, only 15.79%, 11.25% and 18.62% respectively specified they had obtained the consent of the interviewees. 21.6% of reports including all specifically-coded details of the violent acts against doctors (time, place, methods and perpetrators), and 43.5% of reports included some details. Only 18.7% of media reports offered suggestions for seeking professional help in case doctors are threatened by violence and 11.3% offered contact information for third parties who mediate doctor-patient conflicts. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Most internet-based media reports did not strictly follow media recommendations from authoritative bodies. Strong efforts are needed to require journalists to increase adherence so risk of violence against doctors is reduced in China. <h3>Learning Outcomes</h3> Most Chinese internet-based media sources did not appropriately report stories concerning violence against doctors.

With the emergence of the concept of cultural routes, researchers have increasingly turned their attention to the sustainable development of tourism along cultural routes. The needs for community participation and the ongoing provision of benefits of stakeholders are characteristics of cultural routes. Therefore, the importance of cooperative relations and systematic development among stakeholders in tourism activities along cultural routes has become a subject of interest. This paper selects local government, tourism enterprises and local community residents, all of which play a key role in the Ancient Tea Horse Road cultural route in the south of Yunnan, as the main stakeholders. We use game theory to construct a model to trace interactions between local government and tourism enterprises, between tourism enterprises and community residents, and between local government and community residents. The paper then analyzes the different interests of the three parties and key factors that influence them in the game process. This provided a certain scientific basis for the win-win decisions regarding tourism development made by the three parties. Our results show that the final decision choices of the three parties depend on the initial payoff matrix of the game, and the influence of key parameters. When making decisions about tourism, the government should respect the wishes of local residents, strengthen protections of local traditions, manage the unreasonable behavior of tourism enterprises as they develop tourism, and develop appropriate penalties for violations of regulations. When tourism enterprises carry out tourism development, they should let community residents take the initiative and fully participate in tourism activities, and be sure that income from tourism is fed back to local residents, to ensure that tourism is mutually beneficial. The study shows that conflicts among the three parties originated mainly from differences in interests, but that the three parties also shared common interests. With a goal of coordinating interests, we can establish relevant mechanisms, follow the principle of interest realization, attach importance to supervision and management, strengthen community participation and decision-making, and realize win-win results for the three parties.

본 연구는 오랜 기간 동안 난항을 거듭해왔던 한 사례를 통해 지방정부의 정책추진과정에서 갈등관리능력이 차지하는 중요성을 부각시켜보고자 하는 목적으로 시도되었다. 본 연구가 주목한 사례는 지난 1991년 입지선정에서 시작하여 무려 20년이란 긴 세월 동안 정책추진의 난항을 거듭해오다가 최근에 이르러서야 해결의 문턱을 넘어 비교적 안정적인 정책추진의 기미를 보이고 있는 경기도 남양주시의 쓰레기 소각잔재 매립장 건설사례다. 유사한 입지선정 및 건설과정의 갈등을 겪었음에도 불구하고 상대적으로 짧은 기간 내에 성공적인 정책추진을 경험했던 기타의 많은 지방정부 사례와 달리 남양주시 사례의 경우 장기간 동안 대립적 상황을 거듭해 왔던 점은 갈등관리의 차원에서 주목해 볼만한 특이사례다. 과연 남양주시는 왜 정책추진에 그토록 오랜 세월을 허비하며 난항을 거듭해 온 것일까? 본 연구는 일정한 분석모형에 입각하여 정책 성패요인의 인과관계를 검증하는 연역적 접근과는 달리, 정책단계별 사례의 개요와 쟁점 및 구조를 기술하는데 치중함으로써 정책단계별 갈등관리의 중요 요소를 귀납적으로 추론해 나가는 방식을 취했다. 분석 결과, 지방정부의 정책추진과정에서 갈등관리는 정책수립 및 결정단계와 홍보단계 그리고 집행단계에 이르기까지 지속적인 민주적 절차와 토론 및 주민과의 협력을 도출하기 위한 노력을 요하는 연속적 과정임을 확인할 수 있었으며, 이는 궁극적으로 정책성공의 중요한 요인으로 작용하고 있음을 확인하고 있다. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of conflict management by local government by explaining a peculiar case of Namyangju city's construction project of landfill site for incineration remnants. Policy stage and internal dynamics of conflict between city and opposition group of local residents are used as major tools of case observation. From this analysis, this study finds that the conflict management effort of local government is critical to bring a success of a public policy. The local government needs to assess possible sources of conflict, and to prepare reasonable solutions through sincere communication with local residents. Also we need to reconsider the concept of administrative efficiency. Sometimes "slow" is better than "fast". Authoritative and hasty policy process may face unexpected obstacles, then consume more time to fulfill the policy goals. It means that the local government needs to spend more time for policy formulation. It also shows the importance of democratic process in reaching a public policy decision. In conclusion, this study confirms that the cooperative relationship between local government and residents, so-called governance, is the key to the success of public policy.

摘要 本研究之目的為探討台灣地區藝術進入社區的文化政策和發展脈絡，以及分析討論桃園縣藝術進入社區之實施現況及其發展與省思。研究對象選擇桃園縣人口比例較低，且同質性較高的三個客家鄉鎮：新屋鄉、觀音鄉以及龍潭鄉。本研究透過參與觀察及訪談，深入了解藝術如何與社區結合，及鄉鎮藝術規劃與介入的過程與觀點，整理出藝術與社區結合的現況與可能的發展建議。研究結果顯示地方政府需有效地執行中央政策的資源，整合鄉鎮及社區之間的層級規劃，亦使地方館舍及學校有使命感地發揮功能，始能共同協助在地社造的發展。藝術進入社區的推動，則是藉由藝術的力量塑造地方的特色及居民的互動參與。因此無論是採用公共藝術、環境藝術行動或社區藝術課程，藝術已不再侷限於菁英美學，而是試圖成為一種對話的工具，甚至引發社區互動與創造性關係的實現。藉由藝術的活力帶動區域發展，激發社區居民的潛在創造力和共識，讓社區發展有永續的發展契機。本研究亦有以下六點建議：(1) 縣府應強化鄉鎮及館舍的使命感及社區工作的培育；(2) 地方館舍應積極爭取活化的專案預算；(3) 社區應依在地特色發展與學校合作教學活動；(4) 社區居民應善用學者、社造團體及地方行政之資源；(5) 整合社區生活空間與環境之資源；(6) 地方需發展藝術進入社區之新方案。

This paper simulates the game in the policy-processing of grid construction based on the Rubinstein game ideology of bargaining, and constructs the Principal-Agent model given the incomplete information for grid company and local government. This paper also discusses the game model for the bargaining between local government and residents and makes an analysis of the mutual action among the three interest groups: grid company, local government and local residents. Probe is made into the achievement of balance in the allocation of benefit for all interest groups under the current policy. The last discussion aims to construct a harmonious external environment for grid construction.

In China, the information disclosure of charity organizations is lagging behind. Due to the lack of transparency, the negative news about the source and destination of charity funds has been frequently reported. The root of the trust crisis lies in the lack of effective information disclosure mechanism of charity organizations, which has become a stumbling block to the long-term healthy development of charity organizations. During this outbreak, the information disclosure of charity organizations has become a social focus in the fight against the virus. It can be seen that the public crisis not only causes casualties and serious ecological damage, but also causes the charity organizations involved to bear a lot of reputational costs. The epidemic’s query on the information disclosure of charity organizations could promote China’s implementation of the government accounting system reform and put forward constructive suggestions.The epidemic presents an excellent opportunity to study the information disclosure of non-profit organizations under public pressure. This study provides empirical evidence for promoting the implementation of Accounting System of Non-profit Organizations and even Charity Law in China, and emphasizes the importance of central and local governments on anticorrosion work during the epidemic. The occurrence, spread and suppression of the epidemic is a typical natural experiment, which is periodic and unpredictable. The call of the central government will be the political guarantee for non-profit organizations to seize this opportunity.This paper collects the disclosure information of China Charity Federation and Red Cross Society of China, and then empirically tests the development influence of public crisis on the charity information disclosure and its mechanism of action. It is found that the epidemic can promote information disclosure; the supervision effect of media public opinion pressure and the deterrent effect of anti-epidemic official turnover jointly play the regulatory role of external governance. Further analysis shows that after the “Han Hong Foundation” incident, the impact of epidemic development on the information disclosure of charity organizations is more significant. We conduct at least four robustness tests, and our main empirical findings are stable.This paper enriches the existing literature from the following three aspects: (1) It expands the research on the influencing factors of information disclosure of charity organizations, and deepens the understanding of the law of information disclosure of charity organizations. The existing studies mainly discuss the organizational characteristics of charity organizations and the characteristics of council from the perspective of information suppliers to study the influencing factors of information disclosure of charity organizations. This paper examines the demands of information demanders from the development process of public crisis, expands the cognition of influencing factors of information disclosure of charity organizations, and makes up for the lack of information supply perspective. (2) It expands the research on the supervision effect of media reports and the deterrent effect of official turnover. The existing studies have proved that the pressure of public opinion in media reports plays an important role. The findings of this paper prove that in the special situation of public crisis events, media reports and official turnover can significantly improve the response level of charity organizations to social information needs. (3) It expands the policy research on the restoration of social and economic order after the public crisis. The findings of this study show that the public crisis can promote the information disclosure of charity organizations, and has the policy reference significance of “COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control”.

This chapter examines the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region's (HKSAR's) local government system and its complex web of local, advisory, and statutory bodies. In particular, it discusses the local government, advisory committees, and statutory bodies, and evaluates their contribution and significance to SAR governance, as well as their limitations. These bodies perform a range of public functions such as overseeing the management and delivery of public services in sectors like health care and housing. Others regulate matters such as elections and broadcasting. Moreover, the chapter summarizes the changes that have taken place in these local and advisory systems and asserts that under the executive-led government system, no major reform to them will take place in the near future. In general, it is clear that these bodies make a significant contribution to Hong Kong's executive-led government. Looking to the future, it is evident that change is taking place inside many of the bodies analyzed in this chapter, notably through creeping politicization.

This study analyzes the revision of the Local Autonomy Act in 2019 from the perspective of autonomy right by including the concept of resident autonomy. In order to analyze the revision of the Local Autonomy Act, this study developed analysis standards for the content analysis. The sub-government's autonomy over the upper level government and the local residents' autonomy over local governments were classified into five types of autonomy rights, such as autonomous legislative, administration, organization, finance, and resident autonomy right which is included in the concept of resident autonomy. The contents of the 2019 revision of the Local Autonomy Act were analyzed focusing on chapters and sections from Articles 1 to 211 based on this content analysis standards this paper developed. The results of the analysis shows that 32 among 33 revisions were related to the strengthening of autonomy right. They presents that the local residents' autonomy over the metropolitan and local governments was greatly strengthened, the autonomous administrative right of the metropolitan and local governments over the central government was significantly strengthened, and the autonomy legislative power was also strengthened. In addition, it was found that the autonomous administrative right of local councils for the heads of local governments was included for the first time, and it was analyzed that the legislative powers of local councils were also significantly strengthened.

Throughout Australia local government has some 7700 elected representatives, an annual expenditure of $15 billion, employs more than 147 000 people and provides more than ninety different services functions. For the local news media, these local authorities are dearly the main source for much of the information that the public needs to know about local services, and for local authorities the media is one of the most useful means by which to communicate with local residents. The interaction between local government and the news media is therefore an important one and is the focus of this study which is based on a nationwide survey of 135 local government authorities and 72 newspapers. The study examines the use local authorities make of public relations and other officers to convey information and the level of satisfaction or dissatisfaction by local authorities with the coverage of their activities by the news media. It also looks at restrictions on the flow of information from local government to the news media and at ways of improving the local government! news media relationship.