Abstract
Problem statement: This study presents a wireless sensor node dedicated for in-tire pressure and temperature monitoring. Additional features set it apart from the many different systems available on the highly competitive market. State-of-the-art implementations are mounted on the rim of a tire. Here the sensor node will be mounted on the inner liner of the tire. By moving the sensor node from the rim to the inner liner, new challenges in the analog design arise. Approach: To implement this sensor node new power supply methods are investigated. Next, analog designs with the focus on low power are developed. Since the sensor node is operated in a harsh environment, robustness is a key issue. Results: The discussed sensor is capable of either active or passive communication. The passive communication is used in the field of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), whereas active communication is used to transmit the sensor data. A combination of both is also possible. To supply the chip in the tire an RF energy harvesting interface is implemented. An input sensitivity of -19.7dBm for the harvesting interface and -12.5 dBm for the RFID interface is measured. The on-chip temperature sensor consumes 4μA including the analog to digital converter. Conclusion: Choosing the discussed sensor node for in-tire monitoring enables new fields of applications. With this sensor node sensing additional parameters like road condition is possible. Using passive communication improves warehouse management for tire manufactures. Also, tire type identification at the car is enabled.
Highlights
Modern cars and trucks are equipped with Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems (TPMS)
In the United States of America TPMS is already mandatory for new cars
Parameters extracted from the Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS) and the Electronic Stability Control (ESC) are used to estimate the pressure in the tires
Summary
Modern cars and trucks are equipped with Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems (TPMS). Two different systems can be distinguished: (1) Indirect systems do not require dedicated sensors. (2) Direct systems use dedicated sensors in the tires to measure the pressure directly. As discussed in (Flatscher et al, 2009), state-ofthe-art sensors used for TPMS are mounted on the rim of a tire. This study presents a wireless sensor node dedicated for direct TPMS. This IC is equipped with RFID technology. The IC is mounted on the inner liner of a tire. Because of the limitations in weight, size and mechanical stress, the IC cannot be powered by a battery if it is mounted on the inner liner of the tire (Flatscher et al, 2009). The simplified block diagram is shown in Fig. 2; all the blocks are discussed in the following chapters in more detail
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