Abstract
Simple SummaryWhile photodynamic therapy appears to be a promising approach to treating cancers, the complexity of its parameters prevents wide acceptance. Accurate light dose measurement is one of the keys to photodynamic effect assessment, but it remains challenging when comparing different technologies. This work provides a complete demonstration of the technical performance of a homemade optical device, based on knitted light-emitting fabrics, called CELL-LEF. Thermal and optical distributions and related safeties are investigated. The results are discussed in relation to the requirements of photodynamic therapy. The usability of CELL-LEF is investigated on human cancer cell lines as a proof of concept. This study highlights that new light-emitting fabric-based technologies can be relevant light sources for in vitro photodynamic therapy studies of tomorrow.Photodynamic therapy (PDT) appears to be a promising strategy in biomedical applications. However, the complexity of its parameters prevents wide acceptance. This work presents and characterizes a novel optical device based on knitted light-emitting fabrics and dedicated to in vitro PDT involving low irradiance over a long illumination period. Technical characterization of this device, called CELL-LEF, is performed. A cytotoxic study of 5-ALA-mediated PDT on human cancer cell lines is provided as a proof of concept. The target of delivering an irradiance of 1 mW/cm2 over 750 cm2 is achieved (mean: 0.99 mW/cm2; standard deviation: 0.13 mW/cm2). The device can maintain a stable temperature with the mean thermal distribution of 35.1 °C (min: 30.7 °C; max: 38.4 °C). In vitro outcomes show that 5-ALA PDT using CELL-LEF consistently and effectively induced a decrease in tumor cell viability: Almost all the HepG2 cells died after 80 min of illumination, while less than 60% of U87 cell viability remained. CELL-LEF is suitable for in vitro PDT involving low irradiance over a long illumination period.
Highlights
Over the last decades, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has appeared to be a promising strategy in biomedical applications, such as oncology and the inactivation of pathogens.Photodynamic therapy (PDT) relies on the interaction between the oxygen naturally present in biological tissues and a photosensitive molecule (PS) that selectively concentrates in tumor cells
80 min of Linear regression showed that 5-ALA concentration, illumination time, and their interaction explained the variability of the cell viability (p < 0.0001) to a significant extent
We presented a new optical device based on knitted light-emitting fabrics and dedicated to in vitro PDT study involving low irradiance over a long illumination period
Summary
PDT relies on the interaction between the oxygen naturally present in biological tissues and a photosensitive molecule (PS) that selectively concentrates in tumor cells Photochemical reaction, triggered by the delivery of a specific light [1], leads to the creation of cytotoxic molecules, including singlet oxygen, and induces selective cell death. The therapeutic effect and safety of PDT depend on several features. The wavelength must correspond to the PS activation spectrum, while promoting deep penetration into biological tissues. The light dose must be sufficient to produce a therapeutic effect. The illumination scheme (exposure time, irradiance, and fractionation mode) [2] must maximize the treatment efficacy, while limiting toxicity [3,4]
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