Abstract
Processing 2D materials into printable or coatable inks for the fabrication of functional devices has proven to be quite difficult. Additives are often used in large concentrations to address the processing challenges, but they drastically degrade the electronic properties of the materials. To remove the additives a high-temperature post-deposition treatment can be used, but this complicates the fabrication process and limits the choice of materials (i.e., no heat-sensitive materials). In this work, by exploiting the unique properties of 2D materials, a universal strategy for the formulation of additive-free inks is developed, in which the roles of the additives are taken over by van der Waals (vdW) interactions. In this new class of inks, which is termed "vdW inks", solvents are dispersed within the interconnected network of 2D materials, minimizing the dispersibility-related limitations on solvent selection. Furthermore, flow behavior of the inks and mechanical properties of the resultant films are mainly controlled by the interflake vdW attractions. The structure of the vdW inks, their rheological properties, and film-formation behavior are discussed in detail. Large-scale production and formulation of the vdW inks for major high-throughput printing and coating methods, as well as their application for room-temperature fabrication of functional films/devices are demonstrated.
Highlights
In conventional ink formulations, additives such as surfactants, binders, and rheology modifiers are used to addressWith hundreds of discovered members, and thousands more the aforementioned problems and process the 2D material suspredicted, the big family of 2D materials exhibits an immense pensions into printable or coatable inks.[7,8,9,10] For instance, large range of physical and chemical properties.[1]
Phene inks to a level that is suitable for screen printing.[11]
We describe additive-free inks that exploit the unique ability of 2D nanosheets to form percolating networks, accommodating a given solvent
Summary
Sina Abdolhosseinzadeh, Chuanfang (John) Zhang, René Schneider, Mahdieh Shakoorioskooie, Frank Nüesch, and Jakob Heier*. Processing 2D materials into printable or coatable inks for the fabrication (or solvent mixture) which can be further processed into a printable or coatable of functional devices has proven to be quite difficult. The behavior of these suspensions is used in large concentrations to address the processing challenges, but they drastically degrade the electronic properties of the materials. To remove the additives a high-temperature post-deposition treatment can be used, but this complicates the fabrication process and limits the choice of materials (i.e., no often described by the Derjaguin–Landau– Verwey–Overbeek (DLVO) theory,[3] which implies that the concentration of the nanosheets in the suspensions has an upper limit above which the suspension heat-sensitive materials). Application for room-temperature fabrication of functional films/devices are which limits the choices of the dispersiondemonstrated. Media to a few solvents whose solubility envelope may not be suitable for subsequent processing
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