Abstract
An analysis of an asymmetric coupled four-port transmission-line coupler in terms of a two-port transmission line corresponding to two normal modes is presented. This method permits the use of a transmission matrix approach which simplifies considerably the derivation of an expression for coupling and also establishes the mathematical equivalence of such couplers to transmission-line stepped impedance filters. The coupling as well as the terminating impedances required for an impedance match and infinite directivity have been determined in terms of self and mutual immittance parameters, expressions for which have been determined as explicit functions of the line parameters. The method of design of a coupler for specified values of coupling and terminating impedances is also presented.
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