Abstract
Typhoon disaster represent one of the most prominent threats to public safety in the Macao Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China and can cause severe economic losses and casualties. Prior to the landing of typhoons, affected people should be evacuated to shelters as soon as possible; this is crucial to prevent injuries and deaths. Various models aim to solve this problem, but the characteristics of disasters and evacuees are often overlooked. This study proposes a model based on the influence of a typhoon and its impact on evacuees. The model’s objective is to minimize the total evacuation distance, taking into account the distance constraint. The model is solved using the spatial analysis tools of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). It is then applied in Macao to solve the evacuation process for Typhoon Mangkhut 2018. The result is an evacuee allocation plan that can help the government organize evacuation efficiently. Furthermore, the number of evacuees allocated to shelters is compared with shelter capacities, which can inform government shelter construction in the future.
Highlights
One major consequence of global warming is the increased intensity and frequency of extreme weather events such as typhoons [1,2]
Sea level and digital elevation model (DEM) data were used in 2D Flood Map to determine the inundation depth and range every fifteen minutes
This data wTaasipaapRpelifeudgeine ctehnete2rD version of Flood Map [2380,31] to model the coastal flooding13of Typhoon MTainpgakahnudtC2o0l1o8a.nCe oSomcipaal rSeedrvwiceithCetnhteersea level observa28tion data provided by Unitary Pol1i4ce Service (MacaoOSlyAmRp.i)c, Sthpoermts oCdenetlecro(Tualdipas)imulate the coastal18fl8o3oding caused by Typhoon Mang1k5hut well
Summary
One major consequence of global warming is the increased intensity and frequency of extreme weather events such as typhoons [1,2]. Constructing shelters important for disaster management, as shelters can house affected people before and during disasters. In this way, casualties can be reduced. The southeastern coastal area of China is highly vulnerable to typhoons, and the threat to people and property in this area is increasing [3]. As one of the wealthiest and most booming regions in China, the Macao Special Administrative Region (SAR) has been seriously affected by typhoon disasters (especially Typhoon Hato, in 2017, and Typhoon Mangkhut, in 2018). Constructing shelters, planning efficient evacuation and planning evacuee allocation are of great importance to the Macao SAR government
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