Abstract
A hydrodynamic model for cocurrent gas–liquid downward flow through a packed-bed reactor operating in trickle flow regime is developed. The model involves area-averaged mass and momentum balance equations of each fluid as well as an expression for the capillary pressure gradient deduced from a momentum balance analysis at the gas–liquid interface. The liquid–solid and gas–liquid interaction forces are formulated on the basis of the Kozeny–Carman equation by taking into account the presence of liquid films and the gas–liquid slip motion. The linear stability analysis of the solution of the proposed model around an equilibrium steady state is applied for obtaining the trickling-to-pulsing transition curve. The theoretical predictions of the trickling-to-pulsing transition are compared favourably with a set of experimental data corresponding to a wide range of operating conditions, fluids properties and packing characteristics.
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