Abstract

A new analytic multi-component gravitational model with three degrees of freedom to describe the orbital properties of stars in a double-barred galaxy is introduced. We assume that the galaxy contains two bars: the primary one, parallel to the disc and the secondary one which is perpendicular to the primary bar. By following the trajectories, belonging to large sets of starting conditions, we manage to distinguish between localized (chaotic, sticky or regular) and escaping motion of stars. The character of orbits is revealed by presenting modern colour-coded diagrams on several choices of planes of two dimensions. Additionally, we investigate the properties of the normally hyperbolic invariant manifolds (NHIMs), associated with the index-1 saddle points of the system. The dynamics near the index-1 saddle points is demonstrated by presenting the bifurcation diagrams of the Lyapunov periodic orbits, and by visualizing the restriction of the Poincaré maps to the NHIMs. Useful conclusions are drawn by comparing our results with previous related ones, from other types of Hamiltonian systems.

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