Abstract
Granular materials, when subject to high rates of deformation, exhibit the effects of localized internal heating due to grain friction and void closure. Here, we consider a continuum theory for granular materials which serves to account for these influences by introducing the concept of an equilibrated energy. This energy is representative of the energy in the vicinity of grain boundaries. A general constitutive formulation is proposed and the thermodynamic restrictions consistent with the theory are obtained. Consideration is also given to the results for equilibrium states and for the linearized form of the theory.
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