Abstract
A thermodynamic analysis of energy flow in different elements of an optical fiber communication system is presented. The analysis depends on a previously introduced entropy approach that postulated the flow of electric charges as a flow of electromagnetic waves. Such a postulate is introduced here to find a plausible explanation of the electro-optic Kerr effect. Following the same approach, the transmitter and receivers of the optical communication-systems are explained according to measurement results as converters of electric waves into light waves or converters of light waves into electric waves. Similarly, pumping of optical energy or electrical energy into the elements of a communication system is found equivalent to pumping of entropy. Such results are introduced to derive energy equations that model the flow of energy and different processes in an optical communication-system. The introduced approach that depends on the postulated definition of electric current is compared to a classical approach in an analysis of energy flow into 80 MHz fiber laser.
Highlights
Most literature of physics considers the electric current as a flow of electrons
A previously introduced fundamental equation that embraces the flow of electric charges and magnetic flux is applied to perform a thermodynamic analysis of different components and processes in the optical communication systems (Abdelhady, 2011a)
The Kerr effect, called the quadratic electro-optic effect (QEO effect), is defined in literature as a change in the refractive index of a material in response to an applied electric field (Haaiday, Resnick, & Walker, 2004) The postulated nature of the electric charge as electromagnetic waves represent an approach to a plausible explanation of such increase when it is subjected to an electric field according to the following equation that characterizes the nonlinear behavior of the refractive index of cores of optical fibers (Lin, Painter, & Agrawal, 2007): (5)
Summary
Most literature of physics considers the electric current as a flow of electrons. Such a concept has led to the confusing duality-property of electrons as the electric current is a form of energy or waves and it is not a flow of electrons (Abdelhady, 2011a). A previously introduced fundamental equation that embraces the flow of electric charges and magnetic flux is applied to perform a thermodynamic analysis of different components and processes in the optical communication systems (Abdelhady, 2011a). This equation defines the nature of electric current and magnetic flux as a flow of electromagnetic waves that have a specific potential or as a flow of entropy by virtue of their potentials (Abdelhady, 2010a).
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