Abstract
A theory is proposed to explain the phenomenon of increasing friction with decreasing film thickness for very thin films. Its basis lies in the applied mechanics of contact, rather than the popular explanation of film penetration. Agreement is shown between the theory and data from the experiments of Campbell, Greenhill, Levine and Peterson, and Rabinowicz; these experiments examined copper sulfide on copper, iron sulfide on steel and metal oxides. The experimental data implies that couple-stress effects may be significant under normal boundary lubrication conditions in liquid media as well as in dry sliding in gaseous oxidizing environments.
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