A systemic approach to accident prevention: How control factors influence accident severity and losses across industries

Comparison of the theoretical elements and application characteristics of STAMP, FRAM, and 24Model: A major hazardous chemical explosion accident

Modified quantitative systems theoretic accident model and processes (STAMP) analysis: A catastrophic ship engine failure case

When dealing with risks associated with complex sociotechnical systems, one needs to employ approaches that will make it possible to better understand the systems' complexity and analyze them more efficiently. Several approaches have been proposed and in the recent literature, the System-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP) and Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) stand out. These have been applied both separately and integrated with other methods for risk analysis. This study aims to provide an overview of the literature related to the application of FRAM and STAMP integrated with other methods. Papers from various scientific resources, including Scopus, IEEE, Compendex and INSPEC, Google Scholar, and Espace ÉTS from 2004 to 2021, in English, were consulted. The keywords used to narrow our search were FRAM, STAMP, STPA, and risk analysis. The results show that FRAM and STAMP have been used in combination with other methods such as fuzzy logic, Monte Carlo Simulation, bow tie, and model checking. Their combination with other methods has enhanced their efficiency and capability in risk analysis and provides better and more precise outcomes for some specific contexts of study. These combined proposed approaches have been applied and validated for specific contexts in specific studies. Therefore, the generalization and validation of the combined methods in different contexts could be an outlook for future studies.

Necessary condition analysis (NCA) understands cause–effect relations in terms of “necessary but not sufficient.” This means that without the right level of the cause, a certain effect cannot occur. This is independent of other causes; thus, the necessary condition can become a single bottleneck, critical factor, constraint, disqualifier, or so on that blocks the outcome when it is absent. NCA can be used as a stand-alone method or in multimethod research to complement regression-based methods such as multiple linear regression (MLR) and structural equation modeling (SEM), as well as methods like fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). The NCA method consists of four stages: formulation of necessary condition hypotheses, collection of data, analysis of data, and reporting of results. Based on existing methodological publications about NCA, guidelines for good NCA practice are summarized. These guidelines show how to conduct NCA with the NCA software and how to report the results. The guidelines support (potential) users, readers, and reviewers of NCA to become more familiar with the method and to understand how NCA should be applied, as well as how results should be reported. NCA’s rapid diffusion and broad applicability in the social, technical, and medical sciences is illustrated by the growth of the number of article publications with NCA, the diversity of disciplines where NCA is applied, and the geographical spread of researchers who apply NCA.

A Delphi study of human factors methods for the evaluation of adaptation in safety-related organisations

Accurate systematic approaches and tools for managing risks in the context of industry 4.0 and its corollary industry 5.0 are lacking or less efficient, propagating unrealistic awareness of risk in various domains where risk management is needed. Traditional methods have their own limits and might not identify all aspects that influence system safety. When conventional industry challenges are combined with emerging risks along with new systemic and organizational risks as well as cognitive and motivational biases in human logic, there arises the necessity of building thorough Asset Management (AM) and Decision Support approaches. This should account both for conventional and emerging risk safety management. Therefore, innovative, and efficient approaches that can investigate issues from a broad systemic perspective to support AM practitioners to deal with those threats associated with the complexity of socio-technical systems are of interest. On these grounds, this paper focuses on identifying and analysing components of risk management approaches especially for new emerging safety risks within industry 4.0, as well as the rising of extreme, rare, and disruptive events that might generate fatal disturbance of the performance of organizations. We have opted for the relatively new methods that have been developed based on system theories, viz. The Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM), the System-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP) and the global risk-informed decision-making approach (RIDM) in AM as the best suited approach for this research. Further research would validate their efficiency and practicality. Therefore, future research initiatives will be devoted to conduct case-studies in order to obtain more accurate data.KeywordsAsset management strategyEnterprise Risk Management (ERM)Emerging risksExtreme-rare-and-disruptive-eventsResilienceIndustry 4.0/5.0Risk-Informed Decision-Making Approach (RIDM)Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM)System-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP)

STAMP-based causal analysis of China-Donghuang oil transportation pipeline leakage and explosion accident

Modern industrial systems require updated safety management approaches, as the tight interplay between cyber-physical, human, and organizational factors has driven their processes toward increasing complexity. In addition to dealing with known risks, managing system resilience acquires great value to address complex behaviours pragmatically. This manuscript starts from the System-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP) as a modelling initiative for such complexity. The STAMP can be natively integrated with simulation-based approaches, which however fail to realistically represent human behaviours and their influence on the system performance. To overcome this limitation, this research proposes a Human-Hardware-in-the-Loop (HHIL) modelling and simulation framework aimed at supporting a more realistic and comprehensive assessment of systemic resilience. The approach is tested on an experimental oil and gas plant experiencing cyber-attacks, where two personas of operators (experts and novices) work. The obtained results provide a means to quantitatively assess how variations in operators’ behaviours impact the overall system performance, offering insights into how resilience should be understood and implemented in complex socio-technical systems at large.

Due to the complex mechanical structure and control process of escalator emergency braking systems (EEBS), traditional hazard analysis based on the event chain model have limitations in exploring component interaction failure in such a complex social-technical system. Therefore, a hazard analysis framework is proposed in this paper for hazard analysis of complex electromechanical systems based on system-theoretic accident model and process (STAMP). Firstly, basic principles of STAMP are introduced and comparison with other hazard analysis methods is conducted, then the safety analysis framework is proposed. Secondly, a study case is performed to identify unsafe control actions of EEBS from control structures, and a specific control diagram is organized to recognize potential example casual scenarios. Next, comparison between fault tree analysis and STAMP for escalator’s overturned accident shows that hazards related to component damaged can be identified by both, while hazards that focus on components interaction can only be identified by STAMP. Besides, single control way and tandem operation process are found to be the obvious causal factors of accidents. Finally, some improvement measures like decibel detection or vibration monitoring of key components are suggested to help the current broken chain detection to trigger the anti-reversal device for a better safe EEBS.

Index

Systemic approaches to incident analysis in coal mines: Comparison of the STAMP, FRAM and “2–4” models

Effects of fundamentals, geopolitical risk and expectations factors on crude oil prices

The hybrid systems method integrating STAMP and HFACS for the causal analysis of the road traffic accident

Examining relationship value in cross-border business relationships: A comparison between correlational and configurational approaches

A Configurational Approach for Exploring Corporate Governance Practices and Firm Performance in Different Organizational Life Cycles